1 That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted (难度系数5,下同)
译文:那种性别比例能在程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量,并因此能在程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。
本句的正常语序应当是:That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be favored但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句,如果按照以上语序,则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。
在which引导的从句中,有两处省略:第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individuall will have中, an individuall will have是修饰descendants的定语从句,但是,因为在从句中作have的宾语,所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前,省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。
意群训练:That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted
2 (This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower (5++)(这是一种)
译文:照亮现实的欲望,此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望,后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。
复杂+倒装+省略;
解释:本句子的难度在一切GRE、GMAT包括LSAT考试中所出现的难句中堪称登峰造极,可以确定地讲,类似此句子的难度的语言,在计算机考试的现场绝无可能出现。如果对此句话不感兴趣,可以把其废掉不读。
A、 这句话读起来别扭的第一个原因,是因为它根本就不是一个句子。句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现,只能出现在高级英语中,因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。
B、 desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分,一个是to throw over reality a light,其中的a light 是被倒装到了overreality之后,正常应是throw a light over reality不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远,读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意:从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的,而是修饰一开始的desire的。
C、 第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装,由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前,引发了定语从句中的倒装:正常语序应该是that might never be given away,倒装后系动词was被提前,given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B,是A让位于B,而A be given way to B, 则是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire,what引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。What从句中的不定式to recored exactly
and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装,正常语序应该是to recored the structure and texture of a flower exactly and concretely。
D、 就算能够看懂这句话的结构,可能仍然理解不了意思。本句的意思是,哈代(注:人名老的冲动是一种简单的、说明现实的欲望,新冲动是一种即是小说家又像科学家的仔细研究一个东西的特点那样的欲望(新冲动),前一种欲望是永远也不能取代后者的。
意群训练:(This is )A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower
3 Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones (3)
译文:哈代的缺陷一方面缘起于他的某种明显的无能,无法控制好那结不尽相同的创作冲动的穿梭往来;另一方面缘起于他不愿意去培养和维持那些富于生机活力和风险性强的创作冲动。
解释:介词from的宾语有两个并列的部分,由and所连接,在and之后的第二个from前,省略了前面一样的谓语动词derive。本句之所以难,有两个原因,一是derived from 后面的成分太长,初学者难以一下子看下来;二是作为一篇文科文章,用词抽象,难以迅速理解。
意群训练:Hardy's weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones
4 Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics,since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness (5)译文:弗吉尼亚伍尔夫(Virginia Woolf)
译文:在创作《黛洛维夫人》(Mrs Dalloway)时有关其创作意图的这番发人深思的陈述,迄今为止一贯为文学评论家们所忽略,因为它突出反映了她诸多文学兴趣中某一方面,而这一方面则与人们对“诗性”小说家(poetic novelist)所形成的传统见解大相径庭。所谓的“诗性”小说家,所关注的是审视想入非非和白日梦幻的诸般状态,并致力于追寻个体意识的通幽曲径。
难句类型:复杂修饰、省略、抽象词
解释:本句逗号以前只有复杂修饰的长主语有些难,但总的来讲比较好懂,since引导的原因状语从句较难。
A、 since之后的it指前面的statement,highlight的宾语an aspect之后有两个修饰成分,一个是of her literary interests, 另一个是以that引导的定语从句that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist,都是修饰an aspect的。Novelist后面又有由and 连接的两个介词结构concerned with doing 修饰novelist
B、 句中有两处省略,一是在her literary interests that is very different from当中,修饰interests的定语从句中引导词+be that is 一起省略了。第二处在and之后,由于concerned with与前面的concerned with重复,所以concerned被省略。
C、 本句另外一个难懂的地方,就是使用了大量的抽象词。这是文学市评论题材的文章的一个特点。
意群训练:Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics,since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness
5 As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore ”(5-)
译文:就像她在《致普通读者》一书中所表达的那样,“尽管可以毫无疑问的说,没有任何法律被指定出来,也没有任何高楼大厦被建立起来是因为乔叟说了什么或者写了什么;然而,当我们读它的书的时候,我们身上每一个毛孔都充满了道德”
抽象词、抽象词组、比喻
这句话不但用了词抽象,还用了比喻的修辞手法。是指没有因为乔叟的言论而产生任何实际的行为规则或政治机构,但我们受其影响之深,以及其影响力之大。As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote ; and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore ”
6 With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for
glycogen resynthesis (4+)
译文:随着爆发出来的运动的结束,再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高,使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态,直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢,被肝脏转化成(convert into)葡萄糖,而葡萄糖接下来又会(部分)传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。
难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语、专有名词
解释:本句中修饰成分极多,以分词修饰和介词结构修饰为主,作各种类型的状语。前面的状语和主句还好理解,从leaving开始句子变难;leaving引导的直到句末的结构来做整个句子的状语;分词中又包含了三个状语,其中的两个via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入语的作用,把be converted into拆成两段。本句的另外一个特征是其中充斥着专有名词。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通过字面的意思或者根据词头、词根我们还是应该猜出其意思的,lactic acid, metabolism和muscle这三个词在生物类文章中极其常用,大家应该背下来;而glycogen这种东西则没办法,只能作一个首字母提炼。但是请记住,GRE和GMAT文章中只要出现了这种专有名词,出题者是一定会在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的词义解释清楚的,所以读者遇到文章中做了解释的专有名词,应该力求把解释看懂。
意群训练:With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis
7 Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent,he shows that the slaves preference,revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent,was very much for stable monogamy (3+)
译文:虽然古特曼承认,由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁,但他还是证明,奴隶的偏爱--在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来--在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制(monogamy)。
难句类型:插入语
解释:本句中插入语的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale wa infrequent, 后半个分句中的主语that slaves' preference与系动词was离得太远,造成阅读的困难。
意群训练:Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent,he shows that the slaves’ preference,revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent,was very much for stable monogamy
8 Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of-and so was crucial in sustaining-the Black heritage of folklore,music,and religious expression from one generation to another,a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences (4)
译文:古特曼人令人信服地论辨道,黑人家庭的稳定有助于包括民间传说、音乐、及宗教表达在内的黑人文化遗产一代一代传递下去,因而在维持文化遗产方面也起着至关重要的作用,而对于这种文化遗产,黑奴们不断地从其非洲和美洲的经历中予以丰富发展。
难句类型:复杂修饰、插入语
解释:由that引导的宾语从句中,encouraged的宾语the transmission of the Black heritage被同时表示并列和转折的and so 分开,给读者造成了阅读上和理解上的困难。最后一个逗号后面的部分是修饰前面的black 的同位语。
<<赠网友口占一绝>>
赠语千言出心胸,
张笺执笔写从容
又以真诚化冰雪,
文章锦绣话曲衷
---归海高龙
---2009年1月24日
名字胡敏琪评分:(评分仅供参考,各项指标的详细说明请看后面的分析)
文化印象92 分。(主要参考成语、诗词、名言、名人用字等因素)
五行八字98 分。(主要参考名字的五行是否符合八字喜用神的要求)
生 肖98 分。(主要参考名字是否符合生肖姓名学的起名要求)
五格数理92 分。(主要参考了名字用字的姓名学笔画组合的搭配关系)
>>如何得到高分名字
用字的意义:
敏:敏字的原义是指快捷、灵活、迅速,后来也指聪明。(此字在人名库中共出现约:1,547,760次)
《说文解字》释云:疾也。从攴每声。
琪:意为美玉、珍异。(此字在人名库中共出现约:288,770次)
四 季
春天去了
夏季会来
秋风里还有菊开
莫拾那落英
既然落了
就让雪掩埋
埋在心里的是岁月
俺不住的是情怀
在你的目光中
我一直暖暖的企待
雨 夜
窗外的景色
越来越模糊
心中的人儿
越来越清楚
晚风吹起落叶一重重
那些过去
吹也吹不动
无风无雨
不是天空的本性
天高云淡
不再是我的心情
风能吹弯路啊
雨能使心泥泞
心 事
你轻解发带
肩上落满密密的优郁
遮住脸
一只孤独的雁
从眸子里飘起
泪水就这样噙在眼里
成了你的心事
流出来
成了我的诗句
挽住长发
青春就在你手里
不要让泪打湿
就象我不把诗谱曲
只把心事编成集
桃花雪
桃花开的时候
下起了雪
因为等你
所有的花都忘记了凋谢
所有的树都挂满了纯洁
你撑着伞走来
遮住雪花
无奈
也遮住了花开的季节
如果这场雪
让桃花改变了容颜
我愿意陪着你一起凋落
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