英语有几个时态，分别是什么，怎么用，详细点，复制过来的也行，详细就好，谢谢

谓语动词的时态（一）

作谓语动词用来表示动作(情况)发生时间的各种形式称为时态。英语中不同时间发生的动作，要用不同形式的动词来表示。因此，每说一句话都要考虑时态问题，谓语动词要用适当的时态形式。

英语一共有十六个时态。

一般现在时、 现在进行时、 现在完成时、 现在完成进行时、 一般过去时、 过去进行时、 过去完成时、 过去完成进行时、 一般将来时 、将来进行时 、将来完成时、 将来完成进行时、 一般过去将来时、 过去将来进行时 、过去将来完成时、 过去将来完成进行时

但是，英语中常用的时态有五个：一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，一般将来时和现在完成时。还有些时态用得也比较多一些，如：过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时，现在完成进行时等，其它时态用得比较少，有的时态甚至很少用到。

英语时态形式可以用下表来表示：(以study为例)

一般时态、进行时态、完成时态、完成进行时态、

现 在study studies、is/ am/ are studying 、has/ have studied、has/ have been studying

过 去studied、was/ were studying 、had studied、had been studying、

将 来shall/ will study、shall/ will be studying、shall/ will have studied、shall/ will have been studying

过 去 将 来should/ would study、should/ would be studying、should/ would have studied、should/ would have been studying、

在这里，我们重点讲一下以下常用时态：

一、一般现在时

一般现在时主要用来表示：

1 表示一种永久性的、不涉及特定的时间的一般性陈述和客观存在。

eg I) He smokes too much

II) It seldom snows here

2 用于说明自然规律、客观真理、科学事实，格言、谚语等也属于词类等。

eg I) The earth moves round the sun

II) Actions speak louder than words 行动胜于雄辩。

3 动作动词的一般现在时可以表示现阶段重复发生的一系列事件。这时常和sometimes, often, usually, frequently, every day/week/month/year, daily, monthly, once a year, twice a day, five times a month等表示频度的副词（短语）连用。

eg I) Teenagers often spend hours shopping, especially on weekends

II) We always care for each other and care for each other

4 如果动作动词所指的是一个在讲话时开始并结束的单一行为，则意味着该事件很少或没有持续性，通常只用于行为语、特殊感叹句或对快速体育运动等的实况报导。

eg I) Here comes the winner

II) I declare the meeting open 我宣布会议开始。

5 表示将来时间。在由when，if，after，before，as soon as，even if，in case，though，till，until，unless，so long as等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，一般现在时可以用来表示将来时间。

eg I) You’d better take an umbrella in case (万一) it rains

II) So long as (只要) you work hard, you’ll surely succeed

6 一般现在时可以用来表示一个按规定、计划、或安排要发生的情况。但这只限于少数动词，如begin, come, go, leave, sail, start, arrive, return, end, stop, depart, open, close等。

eg I) The plane takes off at 11 am

II) School begins the day after tomorrow

III) Is there a film on tonight

7 在I hope, I bet等后面的that-分句中可用一般现在时表示将来概念。

eg I) I bet Houston Rocket beats Miami Heats this afternoon

II) I hope the storm passes quickly

8 在see (to it), make sure, make certain等后面的that-分句中可用一般现在时表示将来概念。

eg I) Please see (to it) that windows are closed before you leave

II) Be sure that you don’t work too hard

9 用于讲故事，叙述文、新闻报导或说明等中，以增加描述的生动性和真实感。

eg He sits down, shivers (颤抖) a little The clock outside strikes twelve

二、一般将来时

一般将来时主要用来表示：

1 将要发生的动作或情况。

eg I) When shall we have an oral test (口试)

II) He will start to work in June

2 习惯动作或未来的倾向。

eg I) Wherever he goes, he will take an umbrella with him

II) Only in this way will we succeed 只有这样我们才能成功。

3 表示将要发生的动作，除了一般将来时外，还有一些其他结构和时态。

a) be going + 不定式 (表示打算、准备做的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事)

eg I) Look at those clouds! It’s going to rain 看那些乌云，天快下雨了。

II) I am going to leave for Paris with my classmates next week

b) be about + 不定式 (表示正要、刚要发生的事情)

eg I) The train is about to leave

II) We are just in time The curtain is about to go up 我们来得很及时，**刚好拉开序幕。

c) be + 不定式 (表示按日程将要发生的动作)

eg I) There is to be a test in the fifth week

II) I am to meet my friend at the railway station this afternoon

d) 动词现在时 (见现在进行时2)

e) 一般现在时 (见一般现在时5、6、7、8)

f) 动词将来进行时，可用来表示不含意图的将来概念。

eg I) Machines will be doing many jobs that people do today

II) We will be staying in Beijing for three days

三、一般过去时

一般过去时主要用来表示：

1 表示事件或状态必定发生在过去，从其完成到现在之间有一段间隔。过去时间可以由状语表示，如yesterday，an hour ago，in 1972，last year等。

eg I) In 1972, Father’s Day became a national holiday in the United States

II) Jane was here a moment ago

2 动作动词的一般过去时可以表示在过去一段时间里重复发生的一系列事件。这时常和sometimes, often, usually, frequently, every day/week/month/year, daily, monthly, once a year, twice a day, five times a month等表示频度的副词（短语）连用。

eg I) Ken never smoked

II) I went to the cinema three times last week

3 在时间和条件状语从句中，一般过去时可以替代过去将来时。

eg I) Father promised to buy me a MP3 if he got a pay raise

II) I couldn’t watch that exciting game before my homework was finished

四、现在完成时

1 现在完成时只要用来表示：

a) 开始于过去而延续至今的动作（有可能继续延续下去）或重复性的事件。

eg I) Advertising has become a very specialized activity in modern times 广告在现代社会中已成为一项非常专业化的活动。

II) She has lived here since 1997

b) 动作的结果到现在时刻仍然存在，常与recently, just, already, yet, before, in the past few years, up to now, so far, this year, for, since等时间状语连用。

eg I) So far we have learned a lot about different tenses

II) In the past few decades (十年) great changes have taken place in Hangzhou

2 现在完成时和一般过去时的比较：

a) 意义上的区别

两种时态的动作都发生在过去，现在完成时强调动作现在的结果；过去时着眼过去的动作或状态本身。试比较：

eg I) I have read this book (说明我了解书的内容。)

II) I read this book yesterday (叙述昨天做的一件事，与现在无关。)

b) 时间状语的区别

与一般过去时相关的状语yesterday (morning), a month ago, earlier this month, last week/month/year/ Monday, the other day (前几天), at that time, in 1979, etc与现在完成时相关的状语since Monday, so far, ever, never, up to now/ present, yet, for three days, etc与两者都相关的状语Today, recently, this week/month/year/June, this morning/afternoon/evening, recently, before, once, already, etc

c) 特殊用法

i) 在“This/ It is the first (second, third, last, etc) time …”后用现在完成时。

eg It is the first time that I have traveled by train

ii) 在“It is/ has been a long time since …”后用过去时。

eg It has been 10 years since I graduated from my university

iii) 在“This is + 最高级形容词 + 名词”后的从句中用现在完成时。

eg He is the most interesting person I have ever met

五、将来完成时

将来完成时由shall (will) have加过去分词构成，主要表示将来某时已经发生的事情。如果句子中有“by + 将来的某一时间”或when, before等时间状语时，可以用将来完成时。

eg I) I shall have finished my homework before lunch

II) By the end of next month, he will have lived here fore three years

III) When we get there, they will probably have left

IV) Hurry up, or the train will have left by the time we get to the station

六、过去完成时

1 过去完成时的用法

过去完成时主要表示先于过去某一时间的事件或状态，即“过去的过去”。这一事件或状态可以在过去某一时间以前已经完成，也可能从“过去的过去”某一时间一直延续到过去某一时间（甚至还可能延续下去，但与现在时间无关）。

a) 过去完成时常和after, before, by, till, when, until等引入的状语连用。

eg I) I began collecting stamps in February and by November I had collected more than 2000

II) When I woke up it had already stopped raining

III) She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her homework

b) 在很多情况下没有明显的时间状语，时间由上下文表示出来。

egI) He went to see his boss and told him what had happened

II) They returned earlier than we had expected

c) 过去完成时的几种特殊用法

i) 和before连用，表示“还没……就”。

eg I) She cried before I had realized what was happening 我还没有意识到发生什么事情她就哭了起来。

II) They set out before I had told them the address

ii) “It/This/That was the first/second/third time that …” 结构中的从句，要求用过去完成时态。

eg I) It was the first time they had tried foreign food

II) It was the first time that he had finished his composition in 30 minutes

iii) 在“no sooner … than …”和“hardly/scarcely … when …”的结构中，主句中用过去完成时，从句中用一般过去时。

eg I) I had hardly closed my eyes when the telephone rang

II) No sooner had we begun than we were told to stop

iv) 与expect, hope, intend, mean, plan, suppose, think, want等动词连用时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。

eg I) I had planned to visit you, but I just couldn’t find time

II) He had hoped to help you, but he was ill

2 过去完成时和一般过去时的比较：

过去完成时表示过去某一时刻，或某个动作前发生的事，即过去的过去，它着眼于显示过去发生的几个动作的先后。一般过去时只叙述过去某时刻或某时刻后发生的动作，但不强调时间顺序。

eg I) When he got home, his wife had already prepared the dinner (他回家前饭已做好。)

II) When he got home, he saw a letter on his desk (他回家后看到桌上有一封信。)

七、现在进行时

现在进行时主要用来表示：

1 现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作。

eg I) They are making preparations for it

II) He is showing a foreign guest round the city

2 一个在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作。但这只限于少数动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, do, play等。

eg I) We are leaving on Friday

II) I am seeing the doctor today

3 有时用来代替一般现在时，表示一个经常性动作或状态，通常是为了表示一种感情（如赞叹、厌烦等）。

eg I) He is constantly complaining about his teacher 他老是抱怨他的老师。

II) How are you feeling today

III) He is always boasting 他老爱说大话。

be间或可以用在进行时态，表示一时的表现。

eg I) The boy is being difficult 这男孩正在闹别扭。(可能他平时很听话的。)

II) Frank is being a good boy today 弗兰克今天很乖。（可能他平时并不乖。）

八、过去进行时

过去进行体和现在进行体的用法相仿，只是时间向过去推移而已。过去进行时表示过去某时或某断时期正在进行的动作。

eg I) What were you doing when I called

II) What were you doing last night at 10 o’clock

九、将来进行时

将来进行时表示将来某时或某时期正在进行的动作。

eg I) I don’t know what my wife will be doing when I return home

II) When I prepare for the college entrance examination (高考), my sister will be taking her vacation (度假) at the seaside

十、现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时可以用来表示：

1 表示现在某时刻之前一直在进行着的动作，这个动作可能已经完成，也可能仍在进行。

eg I) How long has it been raining

II) I have been working on my paper for five years

2 有些延续动词如live, study, teach, work等的现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别不大，都表示延续一段时间的动作，现在完成时更强调动作的延续性。

eg I) I have lived here for ten years = I have been living here for ten years

II) How long have you taught English here = How long have you been teaching English here

但是，多数延续性动词的现在完成时与现在完成进行时表达的意义有所不同。

eg He has been writing this morning and has written four letters

十一、过去完成进行时

过去完成进行时的主要用法与现在完成进行时的用法相仿，只是时间推移到了过去。

eg I) They had been waiting for half an hour before the bus came

II) The fire had been burning for over a week

十二、将来完成进行时

将来完成进行时将来某时刻前一直进行的动作。

eg I) By next year he will have been teaching English for 30 years

II) In an hour you will have been surfing the net (上网) for 5 hours today

I went to Paris last year

I watched a football game last week

I saw a film last month

I didn't go to Sydney last summer

英语中有16种时态

1一般现在时 the present tense

2一般过去时 the past tense

3一般将来时 the future tense

4一般过去将来时 the past future tense

5现在进行时 the present continuous tense

6过去进行时 the past Continuous Tense

7将来进行时 the future continuous tense

8过去将来进行时 the past future continuous tense

9现在完成时 the Present Perfect Tense

10过去完成时 the Past Perfect Tense

11将来完成时 the future perfect tense

12过去将来完成时 the past future perfect tense

13现在完成进行时 the present perfect continuous tense

14过去完成进行时 the past perfect continuous tense

15将来完成进行时 the future perfect continuous tense

16过去将来完成进行时 the past future perfect continuous tense