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吃剩快餐贻鼠患？

Fast Food Scraps Threaten Rat Plague

Britain is facing a sharp rise in its rat population as growing numbers of people leave fast food scraps in the street, an environment group warned Keep Britain Tidy said the rodents were abandoning their traditional haunts underground and were roaming the streets, enticed by discarded remnants of burgers, pizzas and crisps "The rat population is on the rise and soon it'll be as common to see a rodent on our street as it is to see a dog or a cat," said group Director, Sue Nelson The practice of dumping fast food litter and scraps on the street rather than in the trash - with young men the worst offenders - was behind the rise According to the National Rodent Survey in 2001, Britain's rat population has grown by nearly one quarter since 1998 and is now estimated at 60 million, two million more than the human population On average a rat can give birth every 24-28 days and just a single pair of rats can produce a colony of 2,000 a year Around 200 Britons a year contract Weil's Disease - an infection which can lead to kidney or liver failure and eventually death and which is carried in rat's urine To highlight the issue, Keep Britain Tidy launched a cinema advert entitled "How close do you want them to get" The ad culminates in a shocking image of a young woman sleeping in a bed of rats - echoing the nightmare scenario from James Herbert's classic horror tale The Rats, in which mutant rodents begin to prey on humans

一个环保组织发出警告：由于越来越多的人把吃剩的快餐扔在大街上，英国的老鼠数量正在急剧上升。“保持英国清洁”组织说，人们抛弃的汉堡包、比萨饼和土豆条残渣正在诱使习惯在地下活动的鼠类转而到大街上漫步。“老鼠数量正在增长，很快在街上看到老鼠就会和看到猫狗一样平常，”该组织负责人苏-尼尔森说。老鼠增多的背后是往大街上而不是垃圾箱里乱扔快餐垃圾和残渣的行为--年轻人是其中的罪魁祸首。根据2001年的国家鼠类调查，英国的老鼠数量自1998年来增长了将近1/4，目前估计为6千万只，比英国人口还多2百万。老鼠平均每24至28天就可生产一次，仅仅一对老鼠一年就能繁殖出一个2000只的鼠群。每年大约有200个英国人感染威尔氏症--一种能导致肾或肝功能衰竭直至死亡的传染病，病源在老鼠的尿液中。为引起人们对这一问题的注意，“保持英国清洁”推出了名为“你希望它们靠得多近？”的影院宣传片。宣传片的高潮是一幅令人震惊的画面：一个年轻妇女睡在一张满是老鼠的床上--这是对詹姆斯-赫伯特的经典恐怖故事《老鼠》中梦魇般的景象的模拟。在那个故事中，变异的老鼠开始捕食人类。

Remarks：冒着人人喊打的风险上街的这些老鼠显然没有继承到前辈的智慧--在《伊索寓言》中，一只乡下老鼠选择了田间粗茶淡饭的太平日子而不是城里担惊受怕的奢华生活。

百岁大奖

100-Year-Old Rewards Doctor

Israel Haimowitz made a deal with his doctor 15 years ago - get me to 100 and I'll buy you a European vacation On Sept 5, 2002, Haimowitz is celebrating his 100th birthday And Dr Robert Drimmer and his wife are looking forward to a trip to London next summer "I hate to take his money," Drimmer said, but Haimowitz "would be mad if I didn't go" Haimowitz, a retired furniture salesman, said it's the least he can do The native of Brooklyn, NY, is in good health, complaining only occasionally of fatigue He moved to Florida 16 years ago "To get a doctor down here that's considerate of his patients is difficult," Haimowitz said He credits his longevity and health to drinking two ounces of cognac daily, along with eating five Danish butter cookies Haimowitz, who just renewed his driver's license, said he plans to stick around awhile "When I don't feel good, I don't want to be here But when I feel as I do now, I want to live to 120," he said

伊斯里尔-海莫威茨与他的医生达成了一项交易--让我活到100岁，我就送你去欧洲度假。2002年9月5日，海莫威茨在庆祝他的百岁寿辰，而罗伯特-德雷默医生和他的妻子也在期待着来年夏天的伦敦之旅。“我真的不想花他的钱，”德雷默说，可是海莫威茨“会因我不去而发疯。”退休家具推销员海莫威茨说这是他所能做的最起码的事。海莫威茨是纽约布鲁克林人，他健康状况良好，只是偶尔为疲劳所苦。16年前，海莫威茨搬到了佛罗里达。他说：“在这儿找一个会悉心照料病人的医生可不容易。”海莫威茨把自己的长寿和健康归功于每天的两盎司白兰地和5块丹麦牛油曲奇。刚刚更新了驾驶执照的海莫威茨说，他打算再活上一段时间。“如果感觉不好，我就不想再逗留了。不过，在感觉如现在般良好的时候，我希望活到120岁，”他说。

Remarks：也许这位老先生没有意识到：“感觉良好”才是他长寿的真正秘诀--如果活得没了感觉，想“逗留”也不太容易哩。

生在秋天的好处

People Born in Autumn Live Longer

People born in the autumn live longer than those born in the spring and are less likely to fall chronically ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist Using census data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in the northern German town of Rostock found the month of birth was related to life expectancy over the age of 50 Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in older age "A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer," said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research "When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food, it's in the hot weeks of summer when babies are prone to infections of the digestive system" In Austria, adults born in autumn (October-December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April-June), and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months In the southern hemisphere, the picture was similar Adults born in the Australian autumn - the European spring - lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists, Doblhammer said

一位奥地利科学家认为，秋天出生的人比生在春天的人活得长，在上了年纪的时候也更不容易得慢性病。马克斯-普朗克人口研究学院位于德国北部城市罗斯托克，该学院的科学家们通过分析奥地利、丹麦和澳大利亚3国超过100万的人口普查数据得出结论，人们50岁以后的平均寿命与出生月份之间存在关联。母亲在怀孕期间所吃的东西因季节而有不同，一年里不同时间流行的传染病也不一样，两者都会对新生儿的健康发生影响，并进而影响他们到老年时的平均寿命。进行此项研究的科学家小组成员加布里埃尔-多布哈默说：“春天分娩的母亲孕期的最后阶段适逢冬季，因此她摄入的维生素要比夏季时少。她停止哺乳开始让婴儿正常进食的时候又正好赶上夏天最热的那几个星期，这时候婴儿容易发生消化系统感染。“在奥地利，秋天(10至11月)出生的成人大约要比春天(4至6月)出生的多活7个月，而在丹麦这一差异大约是4个月。南半球的情况也差不多。生于澳洲秋天--欧洲的春天--的成人寿命比春天出生的长大约4个月。研究者们使用死亡证明和人口普查数据作为参考资料，主要对象是20世纪初出生的人。多布哈默说，尽管人们在一年中各个时期的营养状况与那时相比都已经有所改善，这样的季节性差异却依然存在。

Remarks：换一个说法，也就是天秤座和天蝎座的人通常比金牛座和双子座的人长寿，你相信吗？

同病相怜

Love Means Sharing the Same Diseases

Married couples share more than their homes, cars and finances - they are also likely to have some of the same diseases, experts say If a spouse suffers from asthma, depression, peptic ulcers, high blood pressure or raised cholesterol levels, the chances are their partner will be afflicted with the same illness "Partners of people with specific diseases are at increased risk of the disease themselves - at least 70 percent increased risk for asthma, depression and peptic ulcer disease," Julia Hippisley Cox of the University of Nottingham in northern England said Cox and her team said the most likely reason for the shared diseases was environment Married couples usually eat the same foods, are exposed to the same allergens and often have similar exercise patterns, all of which contribute to ailments such as allergies, high blood pressure and raised cholesterol The scientists studied the medical history of 8,000 married couples, aged 30 to 74 "The findings could have implications for targeting screening or disease prevention measures at partners of participants with one of these diseases," Cox added

专家指出，已婚夫妇共同分享的不仅是房子、车子和金钱--他们还容易同时患上一些病症。如果其中一方得了哮喘、抑郁症、消化性溃疡、高血压或是胆固醇过高，那么另一方就很可能会遭受同样疾病的折磨。英格兰北部诺丁汉大学的朱丽叶-希皮斯利-科克斯说：“某些特定疾病患者的配偶罹患同样病症的机率(比别的人)要高--就哮喘、抑郁症和消化性溃疡这几种病来说，其机率要高70%。”科克斯和她的研究小组认为，“共享疾病”最可能的原因是环境。一般说来，已婚夫妇吃同样的食物、接触同样的过敏原，锻炼的模式通常也差不多，而这些都是造成过敏症、高血压D

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百万购车补贴

鸡尾酒，这个代表酒水混合饮料的名字，起源于何时，有许多传说。最有趣的一种说法认为，那是从前斗鸡时代，向斗后剩下鸡尾最多的雄鸡举杯祝饮的一种酒。另外有一种传说，说它是依照一种酒杯的名字而命名，这种酒杯是法国人移民到新奥尔良的早期时代所用的，酒杯里所盛的就是这种酒。又有人说，这酒名字起源于英国，曾经一度用以保持雄鸡战斗状态的一种烈酒。

其实，鸡尾酒起源于1776年纽约州埃尔姆斯福一家用鸡尾羽毛作装饰的酒馆。一天当这家酒馆各种酒都快卖完的时候，一些军官走进来要买酒喝。一位叫贝特西·弗拉纳根的女侍者，便把所有剩酒统统倒在一个大容器里，并随手从一只大公鸡身上拨了一根毛把酒搅匀端出来奉客。军官们看看这酒的成色，品不出是什么酒的味道，就问贝特西，贝特西随口就答：“ 这是鸡尾酒哇!”一位军官听了这个 词，高兴地举杯祝酒，还喊了一声：“ 鸡尾酒万岁!”从此便有了“鸡尾酒”之名。

“鸡尾酒”亦称调配酒，是一种以酒掺和各种果汁、汽水、香科或乳酪混合而成的饮科，据称是美国人的发明，至于“鸡尾酒”一名的由来，则流传着很多不同的传说，有说在美国独立战争期间，纽约小镇的一家小酒馆中有位女侍应，喜在大公鸡尾巴上拨下一根毛，用以搅匀多种掺和一起的酒，酒送上之际，一军官举怀用法语喊了一声“鸡尾万岁！”，鸡尾酒因而得名；除此之外，关于鸡尾酒的还有数之不尽的故事在流传着，其中真假己不再重要，现今因它的色香味俱全而广受世界各地欢迎，则己是不争的事实。

鸡尾酒是由两种或两种以上的酒或由酒渗入果汁配合而成的一种饮品。具体他说鸡尾酒是用基本成份（烈酒）、添加成份（利口酒和其它辅料）、香料、添色剂及特别调味用品按一定份量配制而成的一种混合饮品。美国的韦氏字典是这样注释的：鸡尾酒是一种量少而冰镇的酒。它是以Rum、Whisky或其它烈酒、葡萄酒为酒基，再配以其它辅料，如果汁、蛋清、苦精（Bitter）、糖等以搅拌或摇晃法调制而成的，最后再饰以柠檬片或薄荷叶。最后，我们再引用美国鸡尾酒权威厄思勃里的话对鸡尾酒一词作以全面深入的介绍：Cocktail（鸡尾酒）应是增进食欲的滋润剂，决不能背道再驰。按照定义，卿使酒味很甜或使用大量果汁调合，也不要远离鸡尾酒的范畴；Cocktail（鸡尾酒）既能刺激食欲，又能使人兴奋，创造热烈的气氛，否则就没有意义了，巧妙调制的鸡尾酒是最美的饮料、Cocktail（鸡尾酒）必须有卓绝的味，为此，舌头的味蕾应充分张开，这样才能尝到刺激味道。如果太甜、太苦、太香就会掩盖品尝酒味的能力，降低酒的品质；Cocktail（鸡尾酒）需要足够的冷却，所以应用高脚酒杯，烫酒最不合适，调制时需加冰，加冰量应严格按配方控制。冰块要化到要求的程度。

鸡尾酒非常讲究色、香、味；形的兼备，故又称艺术酒。最初的鸡尾酒饮料市场，主要为男人们独享的辣味饮料所占据。后来，随着鸡尾酒的广泛饮用和进入各种社交场合，为满足那些不能承受酒精的饮用者，才派生出了适合妇女口味的甜味饮料。到了美国的禁酒年代（1920年1月17日至1933年12月5日），制作无酒精混合饮料的技术突飞猛进，从而奠定了今天的苏打类饮料的基础，当时被称为Mocktails或Softails（软饮料）。它利用鸡尾酒的调制形式，调制成无酒精饮料。

鸡尾酒的历史算来不过一个多世纪，风行世界各国也不过几十年的光景。一直以来，人们对于鸡尾酒的态度总是褒贬不一。有人认为配制鸡尾酒是"酒盲"的行为，把好端端的极名贵的Cognac（干邑）、威士忌、葡萄酒糟踏得不成样子，多年精心酿制成的色、香、味全被破坏于瞬间，他们反对饮用混合酒。另一些人却认为饮用鸡尾酒美妙极了，它开辟了酒的新的色。香、味的领域，它还含有只能意会不能言传的意境，饮用鸡尾酒是一种艺术享受。实践证明，鸡尾酒以它特有的魅力赢得了人们的赞誉，各种配方层出不穷，成为宴席上不可缺少功饮料。 鸡尾酒自身的世界性传播可追溯到10O多年前的美国，当时美国的制冰业正向工业化迈进，这无疑为鸡尾酒的迅速发展奠定了基础，使得美国成为当时鸡尾酒最为盛行的一个国家，那里的调酒师的技艺也是最为高超和美妙的；后来，美国的禁酒法造成了名酒吧师（Bartender）的外流：他们到了法国或英国后，英雄有用武之地，亦促成了欧洲乃至世界鸡尾酒黄金时代的到来。

鸡尾酒与星座1．魔羯座（12月23日－1月20日）适合鸡尾酒，狂热（FEVER）伏特加，白香橙，西柚汁．酒力不凶，不容易醉，口感清香酸甜，据说会使魔羯座的人的爱情更加炙热燃烧，体现无限的浪漫与温情！

2．水瓶座（1月21日－2月19日）适合鸡尾酒，长岛冰茶（LONG ISLAND ICE TEA）金酒，伏特加，郎母酒，龙舌兰酒，白香橙，混合柠檬汁，可乐．长岛冰茶是以多种基酒调制而成的鸡尾酒，后劲十足，水瓶座喜欢广播爱情种子，追求新鲜感受妨尝试一下一次拥有如此之多的选择的感觉，给自己的情感历程上减少不必要的周折与麻烦吧！

3．双鱼座（2月20日－3月20日）适合鸡尾酒，蓝色夏威夷（BLUE HAWAII）朗母酒，菠萝汁，蓝香橙，混合柠檬汁．献给十足浪漫的的双鱼座吧！如此动人心魄的一款鸡尾酒，养目养神，陶冶情操，给你一种完美浪漫情怀，希望在爱情上也是一样哟 ！！

4．牧羊座（3月21日－4月20日）适合鸡尾酒，天使之吻（ANGEL KISS）可可酒，红石榴汁，奶油．浪漫的迷人的名字，昭示着爱情的甜蜜，动人，告诉你要珍惜自己来之不易的爱情，多一点浪漫，少一点理智，一切会更加和谐美好！

5．金牛座（4月21日－5月21日）适合鸡尾酒：非常HIGH（HIGH LIFE）伏特加，白香橙，菠萝汁，蛋白．感情上占有欲强，但容易满足，对自己，对爱人，对爱情都是这样，只要开始恋爱就显出一副心满意足的样子如此一款甜蜜蜜的鸡尾酒正好烘托出甜蜜的情！

6．双子座（5月22日－6月21日）适合鸡尾酒：魅力（FASCINATION）郎母酒，混合柠檬汁，草莓力娇酒，苏打水．口味酸甜适口，昭显出双子座的人才华横溢的特性，衬托出他们的人格魅力，也让他们的爱情更加美满！

7．巨蟹座（6月22日－7月23日）适合鸡尾酒：贤妻良母（LADY BE GOOD）那男人怎么办啊？男保姆？白兰地，白香橙，苦艾酒．口味浓郁干醇，处处体现家庭的和暖和甜蜜，做为一个顾家的好男人和温柔的好妻子，都是再恰当不过的！

8．狮子座（7月24日－8月23日）适合鸡尾酒：帝王嘶沫（IMPERIAL PIZZ）威士忌，郎母，混合柠檬汁，苏打水．是最具有男性魅力的威士忌为基酒调制而成的，是为了彰显狮子王的雄伟气势．男士喝了更显男人本色，女士喝了可以感觉到被呵护的温暖！

9．处女座（8月24日－9月23日）适合鸡尾酒：热情之吻（KISS OF FIRE）奔放的鸡尾酒适合处女座的人士，口感强烈而刺激，让爱憎分明的人们爱的更深，恨的更透，是刻骨铭心的爱情永远难忘，其中还夹杂着那么一点点柠檬的酸涩，就象是爱情故事中那翻起的一个小浪花

10．天秤座（9月24日10月23日）适合鸡尾酒：最爱（FAVOURITE）金酒，杏仁白兰地，苦艾酒．混合柠檬汁．辛辣而刺激，但绝对不缺乏激情个热烈，在爱情上对显的有些迟钝的天秤座的人们勇于进取，大胆出击，把爱情掌握在自己手中！！！！

11．天蝎座（10月24日－11月22日）适合鸡尾酒：幻想曲（FANTASIA）伏特加，橙色香甜酒，西柚汁．口感强烈，给人以醇厚沉稳的感觉，正合适矜持的天蝎座人们的特性，但它又充满热情而热烈，正好弥补了这一星座的人们性格过于沉稳的不足！

12．射手座（11月23日－12月22日）适合鸡尾酒：龙舌兰日出（TEQUILA SUNRISE）我喜欢的！！！！龙舌兰酒，橙汁，红石榴糖浆．鲜明的色彩突出了射手座的人们的热情奔放的性格，，甜蜜的口味中夹杂着淡淡的酸，寓意着射手座的激情和他们永远让让生活充满新意的变化的本性，喝了它你会知道什么是幸福！

天蝎宫 SCORPION

这种鸡尾酒正如其名，是一种非常危险的鸡尾酒，因为它喝起来的口感很好，等到发现不对的时候，已经相当醉了。

美伦鲍尔 MELONBALL

这种鸡尾酒，色泽漂亮，味道甘美。瓜类鸡尾酒的甜味配上柳橙汁甜中带苦的味道，别有一番风味。

这种酒是山多利MIDORI瓜类利口酒在美国发售时，所设计出来的，由于口感很好风评不错。

贝利尼 BELLINI

发泡性葡萄酒口味清爽，加上桃子酒典雅的甜味，就能调制出这种容易入口的鸡尾酒。

它是由意大利贝利尼一家有名的餐厅酒吧经营者在1948年发明的，目的是纪念在当地举行的文艺复兴初期画家贝利尼画展

梦幻勒曼湖 FANTASTIC LEMAN

这是一种杯中呈现蓝色浓淡层次的美丽鸡尾酒，是由上田和男先生发明的，在各种鸡尾酒大赛中获得很多的优胜，也曾获得世界鸡尾酒表演会的银牌。

它是以瑞士的梦幻之湖勒曼湖为主题所调制而成的鸡尾酒

马丁尼 MARTINE

在所有鸡尾酒中，就数马丁尼的调法最多。人们称它为鸡尾酒中的杰作、鸡尾酒之王。

虽然它只是由琴酒和辛辣苦艾酒搅拌调制而成，但是口感却非常锐利、深奥。有人说光是马丁尼的配方就有268种之多。

据说丘吉尔非常喜欢喝超辛辣口味，所以喝这种酒的时候是一边纯饮琴酒，一边看着苦艾酒瓶。

教父 GODFATHER

安摩拉多酒味甜，散发出一般芳香的杏仁味道，配上浓厚的威士忌酒香，就是美味可口的教父。

威士忌的英语拼音为Whisky，爱尔兰威士忌及美国威士忌却拼成Whiskey。这是商场上的习惯，当你看到商标上的拼音时别误以为是印错了。

绿色蚱蜢 GRASSHOPPER

这是一种香味很浓的鸡尾酒，杯中散发着薄荷清爽的香味及可可酒的芳香。配方中加了鲜奶油，入喉香浓、滑溜，非常可口。

GRASSHOPPER是指蚱蜢，因其酒色呈淡绿色，故名为绿色蚱蜢。此酒口味很甜，可以当甜点饮用。

够详细了吧

缤纷世界精典短篇文选八则

吃剩快餐贻鼠患？

Fast Food Scraps Threaten Rat Plague

Britain is facing a sharp rise in its rat population as growing numbers of people leave fast food scraps in the street, an environment group warned Keep Britain Tidy said the rodents were abandoning their traditional haunts underground and were roaming the streets, enticed by discarded remnants of burgers, pizzas and crisps "The rat population is on the rise and soon it'll be as common to see a rodent on our street as it is to see a dog or a cat," said group Director, Sue Nelson The practice of dumping fast food litter and scraps on the street rather than in the trash - with young men the worst offenders - was behind the rise According to the National Rodent Survey in 2001, Britain's rat population has grown by nearly one quarter since 1998 and is now estimated at 60 million, two million more than the human population On average a rat can give birth every 24-28 days and just a single pair of rats can produce a colony of 2,000 a year Around 200 Britons a year contract Weil's Disease - an infection which can lead to kidney or liver failure and eventually death and which is carried in rat's urine To highlight the issue, Keep Britain Tidy launched a cinema advert entitled "How close do you want them to get" The ad culminates in a shocking image of a young woman sleeping in a bed of rats - echoing the nightmare scenario from James Herbert's classic horror tale The Rats, in which mutant rodents begin to prey on humans

一个环保组织发出警告：由于越来越多的人把吃剩的快餐扔在大街上，英国的老鼠数量正在急剧上升。“保持英国清洁”组织说，人们抛弃的汉堡包、比萨饼和土豆条残渣正在诱使习惯在地下活动的鼠类转而到大街上漫步。“老鼠数量正在增长，很快在街上看到老鼠就会和看到猫狗一样平常，”该组织负责人苏-尼尔森说。老鼠增多的背后是往大街上而不是垃圾箱里乱扔快餐垃圾和残渣的行为--年轻人是其中的罪魁祸首。根据2001年的国家鼠类调查，英国的老鼠数量自1998年来增长了将近1/4，目前估计为6千万只，比英国人口还多2百万。老鼠平均每24至28天就可生产一次，仅仅一对老鼠一年就能繁殖出一个2000只的鼠群。每年大约有200个英国人感染威尔氏症--一种能导致肾或肝功能衰竭直至死亡的传染病，病源在老鼠的尿液中。为引起人们对这一问题的注意，“保持英国清洁”推出了名为“你希望它们靠得多近？”的影院宣传片。宣传片的高潮是一幅令人震惊的画面：一个年轻妇女睡在一张满是老鼠的床上--这是对詹姆斯-赫伯特的经典恐怖故事《老鼠》中梦魇般的景象的模拟。在那个故事中，变异的老鼠开始捕食人类。

Remarks：冒着人人喊打的风险上街的这些老鼠显然没有继承到前辈的智慧--在《伊索寓言》中，一只乡下老鼠选择了田间粗茶淡饭的太平日子而不是城里担惊受怕的奢华生活。

百岁大奖

100-Year-Old Rewards Doctor

Israel Haimowitz made a deal with his doctor 15 years ago - get me to 100 and I'll buy you a European vacation On Sept 5, 2002, Haimowitz is celebrating his 100th birthday And Dr Robert Drimmer and his wife are looking forward to a trip to London next summer "I hate to take his money," Drimmer said, but Haimowitz "would be mad if I didn't go" Haimowitz, a retired furniture salesman, said it's the least he can do The native of Brooklyn, NY, is in good health, complaining only occasionally of fatigue He moved to Florida 16 years ago "To get a doctor down here that's considerate of his patients is difficult," Haimowitz said He credits his longevity and health to drinking two ounces of cognac daily, along with eating five Danish butter cookies Haimowitz, who just renewed his driver's license, said he plans to stick around awhile "When I don't feel good, I don't want to be here But when I feel as I do now, I want to live to 120," he said

伊斯里尔-海莫威茨与他的医生达成了一项交易--让我活到100岁，我就送你去欧洲度假。2002年9月5日，海莫威茨在庆祝他的百岁寿辰，而罗伯特-德雷默医生和他的妻子也在期待着来年夏天的伦敦之旅。“我真的不想花他的钱，”德雷默说，可是海莫威茨“会因我不去而发疯。”退休家具推销员海莫威茨说这是他所能做的最起码的事。海莫威茨是纽约布鲁克林人，他健康状况良好，只是偶尔为疲劳所苦。16年前，海莫威茨搬到了佛罗里达。他说：“在这儿找一个会悉心照料病人的医生可不容易。”海莫威茨把自己的长寿和健康归功于每天的两盎司白兰地和5块丹麦牛油曲奇。刚刚更新了驾驶执照的海莫威茨说，他打算再活上一段时间。“如果感觉不好，我就不想再逗留了。不过，在感觉如现在般良好的时候，我希望活到120岁，”他说。

Remarks：也许这位老先生没有意识到：“感觉良好”才是他长寿的真正秘诀--如果活得没了感觉，想“逗留”也不太容易哩。

生在秋天的好处

People Born in Autumn Live Longer

People born in the autumn live longer than those born in the spring and are less likely to fall chronically ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist Using census data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in the northern German town of Rostock found the month of birth was related to life expectancy over the age of 50 Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in older age "A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer," said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research "When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food, it's in the hot weeks of summer when babies are prone to infections of the digestive system" In Austria, adults born in autumn (October-December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April-June), and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months In the southern hemisphere, the picture was similar Adults born in the Australian autumn - the European spring - lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists, Doblhammer said

一位奥地利科学家认为，秋天出生的人比生在春天的人活得长，在上了年纪的时候也更不容易得慢性病。马克斯-普朗克人口研究学院位于德国北部城市罗斯托克，该学院的科学家们通过分析奥地利、丹麦和澳大利亚3国超过100万的人口普查数据得出结论，人们50岁以后的平均寿命与出生月份之间存在关联。母亲在怀孕期间所吃的东西因季节而有不同，一年里不同时间流行的传染病也不一样，两者都会对新生儿的健康发生影响，并进而影响他们到老年时的平均寿命。进行此项研究的科学家小组成员加布里埃尔-多布哈默说：“春天分娩的母亲孕期的最后阶段适逢冬季，因此她摄入的维生素要比夏季时少。她停止哺乳开始让婴儿正常进食的时候又正好赶上夏天最热的那几个星期，这时候婴儿容易发生消化系统感染。“在奥地利，秋天(10至11月)出生的成人大约要比春天(4至6月)出生的多活7个月，而在丹麦这一差异大约是4个月。南半球的情况也差不多。生于澳洲秋天--欧洲的春天--的成人寿命比春天出生的长大约4个月。研究者们使用死亡证明和人口普查数据作为参考资料，主要对象是20世纪初出生的人。多布哈默说，尽管人们在一年中各个时期的营养状况与那时相比都已经有所改善，这样的季节性差异却依然存在。

Remarks：换一个说法，也就是天秤座和天蝎座的人通常比金牛座和双子座的人长寿，你相信吗？

同病相怜

Love Means Sharing the Same Diseases

Married couples share more than their homes, cars and finances - they are also likely to have some of the same diseases, experts say If a spouse suffers from asthma, depression, peptic ulcers, high blood pressure or raised cholesterol levels, the chances are their partner will be afflicted with the same illness "Partners of people with specific diseases are at increased risk of the disease themselves - at least 70 percent increased risk for asthma, depression and peptic ulcer disease," Julia Hippisley Cox of the University of Nottingham in northern England said Cox and her team said the most likely reason for the shared diseases was environment Married couples usually eat the same foods, are exposed to the same allergens and often have similar exercise patterns, all of which contribute to ailments such as allergies, high blood pressure and raised cholesterol The scientists studied the medical history of 8,000 married couples, aged 30 to 74 "The findings could have implications for targeting screening or disease prevention measures at partners of participants with one of these diseases," Cox added

专家指出，已婚夫妇共同分享的不仅是房子、车子和金钱--他们还容易同时患上一些病症。如果其中一方得了哮喘、抑郁症、消化性溃疡、高血压或是胆固醇过高，那么另一方就很可能会遭受同样疾病的折磨。英格兰北部诺丁汉大学的朱丽叶-希皮斯利-科克斯说：“某些特定疾病患者的配偶罹患同样病症的机率(比别的人)要高--就哮喘、抑郁症和消化性溃疡这几种病来说，其机率要高70%。”科克斯和她的研究小组认为，“共享疾病”最可能的原因是环境。一般说来，已婚夫妇吃同样的食物、接触同样的过敏原，锻炼的模式通常也差不多，而这些都是造成过敏症、高血压以及高胆固醇等症。科学家们分析了8000对30到74岁的已婚夫妇的病历。“这一发现可能意味着我们应该对这类疾病患者的配偶实行定向隔离或采取预防措施。”

Remarks：为什么要隔离或预防呢--这样不是离“同年同月同日死”的目标更近了吗？

情书公告牌

Paris Invents New Love Messages

Declarations of undying devotion will flash across Paris's municipal bulletin boards every 20 seconds next month as the French capital invents a new way to say "I love you" on Valentine's Day Bertrand Delanoe, the left-wing mayor known for his innovative city festivals, said the electronic boards would carry the best short love letters on February 14 - Valentine's Day - and throughout that weekend, adding that they would "help Parisians tell each other 'I love you'" He urged Parisians to send in their messages with a note indicating which neighbourhood they wanted them to be posted in A special committee would pick out the best ones to display The illuminated boards, which normally announce everything from city festivals to traffic warnings, stand at key squares and intersections all around the French capital

法国首都巴黎发明了一种在情人节这天说“我爱你”的新方法，下个月中巴黎市各处的市政公告牌上每20秒就会有表达不渝热爱的宣言闪过。以喜欢组织新奇的城市节庆活动著称的左翼巴黎市长伯特兰-迪拉诺说，这些电子公告牌将会在2月14日情人节这天以及此后的周末刊载最动人的简短情书，并宣称它们会“鼓励巴黎人对彼此说‘我爱你’”。他敦促巴黎人交来他们的爱情讯息，同时注明他们希望在哪个地段公布讯息。一个特别委员会将选出最好的一些情书进行展示。这些发光的公告牌分布在巴黎各个主要广场和十字路口，通常被用于公告从城市节庆活动到交通警示的各类事项。

Remarks：市政当局活跃气氛的动机无可非议，只是我以为，就个人来说，这种“爱要让全世界知道”的做法不过是一种轻浮的炫耀或着内心虚弱者的壮胆行为--如果他/她不是真的失踪了的话。

影院的浪漫角落

Romance Blooms in Cozy Corners of Cinemas

Lovers have it tough in India's teeming financial capital, but some of the city's cinemas are playing Cupid to couples longing for time away from prying eyes For the first time in Bombay, three upmarket cinemas have each set aside a dozen seats, called "Close-Up Corners," for couples wishing to watch a film together The seats - priced the same as other cinema seats - are bigger and designed for two people with no arm rests between them In conservative India, where public displays of affection are frowned upon, young men and women rarely dare to even hold hands for fear of censure or getting a "bad name" "This is the ideal place for couples to spend time together," said Hameed Shaikh, general manager of a suburban cinema, adding the "corners" were proving popular with college students "This is a progressive step We can't have culture cops dictating how we should behave," said 21-year-old college student P Vijay outside a movie hall "It's stupid to be prudish This should be extended to more theaters in Bombay" Kamal Sharma, manager of another movie hall, said the romantic corners were a big hit even with married couples who often live in cramped, one-room homes that offer little privacy

印度的金融中心孟买人多眼杂，情侣们的日子不太好过，不过这个城市里的一些**院为渴望远离窥探眼光的爱侣们充当起了丘比特的角色。孟买的3家**院各自为希望一起看**的情侣们留出了12个被称为“亲密角落”的座位，这在孟买是破天荒的事情。这些座位--价钱和普通座位一样--比较大，设计得适合两个人坐，中间也没有扶手阻隔。在保守的印度，当众亲昵会引人非议。由于担心受责难或是得到“坏名声”，年轻男女很少敢在公共场合哪怕是牵一下手。“这是爱侣们共度好时光的理想场所，”郊区一家影院的总经理哈米德-沙哈说。他还补充道，事实证明这样的“角落”很受大学生欢迎。“这是一种进步。我们不能让文化警察来专断我们的举止，”在一间影院外面，21岁的大学生P-维贾说。“蠢人才会假正经。这种做法应该在孟买更多的影院中推广。”另一间影院的经理卡马尔-沙马说，浪漫角落甚至对已婚夫妇也很有吸引力，因为他们的住所往往非常狭窄，只有一个房间，几乎没有隐私可言。

Remarks：亲密关系是否需要展览是个人选择问题，而尊重个人选择的自由空气是应当鼓励的。

世界上最好的工作

World's Greatest Job, Up for Grabs

Calling all chocoholics One of Britain's most exclusive grocery stores needs a new chocolate taster - and will pay 35,000 pounds ($54,400) a year for the successful candidate Fortnum & Mason in London's Piccadilly - one of the capital's most prestigious addresses - is looking for a chocolate buyer to travel the world, taste as much chocolate as possible and select the best for its discerning customers Daily Telegraph newspaper said the Fortnum's personnel director Cathy O'Neill has already been bombarded with applications after she advertised the post as the "best job in the world" But not all of those interested have the right qualifications "We only advertised it a couple of days ago," O'Neill told Daily Telegraph "But already we have had loads of people writing in saying they have absolutely no experience, or they work in the metal industry or something, but they love chocolate"

up for grabs：俚语，意为可得的，易得的，任何人都可能取得的。

所有巧克力爱好者请注意！英国最高档的食品杂货店之一需要一名新的巧克力试吃员--成功的应聘者将得到3万5千英镑(54,400美元)的年薪。位于伦敦皮卡迪利大街--这个都城最负盛名的地点之一--的福特纳姆及梅森商店正在寻找一名巧克力采购员，其职责是环游世界，品尝尽可能多的巧克力并为该店品味不凡的顾客们选出其中最好的品种。《每日电讯报》说，福特纳姆的人事经理凯茜-奥尼尔在广告中称这个职位为“世界上最好的工作”，随之而来的大量求职申请令她应接不暇。“我们几天前才登出广告，”奥尼尔对《每日电讯报》说。“但是我们已经收到了许多人的书面申请。他们说自己毫无经验，或是就职于金属行业，如此等等，但他们喜欢巧克力。”

Remarks：品尝可解馋，旅游可减肥，果然是好工作！

过期美味

Firm Sold Out-of-Date Food as It Was 'Tasty'

Fine wines and cheese may improve with age, but Japanese consumers were probably shocked to find that one company executive thought Chinese spring rolls did too That, at least, is what Reiko Yoshida, head of a small food firm in western Japan, told a news conference when asked to explain why her company sold frozen spring rolls and other products that were well past their sell-by date1 "I was told that the products were past their expiry date, but I gave the order to sell them after I tried them and found them tasty," a spokesman for the company, Shinsho, quoted Yoshida as telling a news conference The company sold about 2,600 frozen spring rolls to stores even though some were nearly six months past their expiry date, the spokesman said Yoshida accepted now that the company should have thrown the food away after the sell-by date passed and that it would take care from now on The firm has voluntarily halted business in 21 of its 23 shops around the country for an indefinite period of time Japanese consumer confidence in food products has been shaken by several recent scandals, include cases of mislabeling

美酒和干酪也许是越陈越好，不过日本的消费者可能会震惊于这样的事实：一位公司主管认为这一规律也适用于中国春卷。至少，日本西部一个小食品公司的主管吉田玲子(音)在记者招待会上是这么说的，当时人们要求她解释为何她的公司要出售已过期很久的冻春卷和其他产品。公司发言人新胜(音)引用吉田在记者招待会上的话说：“别人告诉我这些产品已经过了保质期，但我还是下令出售，因为我尝过了，味道很好。”这位发言人说，公司卖了大约2600个冻春卷给各家商店，尽管其中一些已经过期将近半年。吉田现在承认公司应该扔掉过期食品，表示以后会对此多加注意。公司并主动无限期关闭了全国23个连锁店中的21个。日本近日发生了几起这样的丑闻，包括乱贴标签的事情，日本消费者对食品的信心因此大受影响。

Remarks：臭猪头自然有烂鼻子的菩萨爱吃，对过期食品的个人爱好无可非议，但不管别人是否有此同好而强行推己及人的做法就有点过分了。

稻草人与笼中鸟

Scarecrow Guards Jail Birds

A judge on an inspection visit to a Brazilian jail discovered a straw scarecrow dressed in police uniform on the watchtower "guarding" some 735 jail birds, police said The judge removed the scarecrow, which had apparently been manning the watchtower for days, and took it to the court as evidence Police opened an investigation "It is considered a grave breach of security rules," a police spokesman said, adding that a prison guard or a police officer should have been on the tower at all times The Taubate Provisional Detention Center for prisoners awaiting trial near Brazil's biggest city of Sao Paulo was opened at the end of 2001 and has already had one publicized escape via an underground tunnel Brazil's prison system is plagued with break-outs and violent riots due to extreme overcrowding, lack of funds and poor pay for prison officers

巴西警方说，一位法官到巴西一座监狱视察，结果发现在了望塔中“看守”着735名囚犯的竟然是一个穿着警服的稻草人。法官拿走了稻草人--显然它已经在这个岗位上呆了不少日子了--并将它呈上法庭作为证物。警方已经展开调查。“我们认为这严重违反了安全条例，”警方发言人说，并指出任何时候了望塔上都应该有一名监狱警卫或是警官。等候审判的陶贝特临时拘留中心位于巴西最大城市圣保罗附近，2001年底才启用，但这里已经发生过了一起广为人知的犯人通过地道逃走的事件。巴西的监狱系统存在着严重的越狱和暴力骚乱问题，原因是监狱极度拥挤、缺乏资金以及监狱管理人员收入过低。

Remarks：挖地道逃走的犯人一定感到了莫大的耻辱--居然被稻草人吓到了，没敢堂而皇之地从地面上出去。

缤纷世界精典短篇文选八则

　吃剩快餐贻鼠患？

　　Fast Food Scraps Threaten Rat Plague

　　Britain is facing a sharp rise in its rat population as growing numbers of people leave fast food scraps in the street, an environment group warned Keep Britain Tidy said the rodents were abandoning their traditional haunts underground and were roaming the streets, enticed by discarded remnants of burgers, pizzas and crisps "The rat population is on the rise and soon it'll be as common to see a rodent on our street as it is to see a dog or a cat," said group Director, Sue Nelson The practice of dumping fast food litter and scraps on the street rather than in the trash - with young men the worst offenders - was behind the rise According to the National Rodent Survey in 2001, Britain's rat population has grown by nearly one quarter since 1998 and is now estimated at 60 million, two million more than the human population On average a rat can give birth every 24-28 days and just a single pair of rats can produce a colony of 2,000 a year Around 200 Britons a year contract Weil's Disease - an infection which can lead to kidney or liver failure and eventually death and which is carried in rat's urine To highlight the issue, Keep Britain Tidy launched a cinema advert entitled "How close do you want them to get" The ad culminates in a shocking image of a young woman sleeping in a bed of rats - echoing the nightmare scenario from James Herbert's classic horror tale The Rats, in which mutant rodents begin to prey on humans

　　一个环保组织发出警告：由于越来越多的人把吃剩的快餐扔在大街上，英国的老鼠数量正在急剧上升。“保持英国清洁”组织说，人们抛弃的汉堡包、比萨饼和土豆条残渣正在诱使习惯在地下活动的鼠类转而到大街上漫步。“老鼠数量正在增长，很快在街上看到老鼠就会和看到猫狗一样平常，”该组织负责人苏-尼尔森说。老鼠增多的背后是往大街上而不是垃圾箱里乱扔快餐垃圾和残渣的行为--年轻人是其中的罪魁祸首。根据2001年的国家鼠类调查，英国的老鼠数量自1998年来增长了将近1/4，目前估计为6千万只，比英国人口还多2百万。老鼠平均每24至28天就可生产一次，仅仅一对老鼠一年就能繁殖出一个2000只的鼠群。每年大约有200个英国人感染威尔氏症--一种能导致肾或肝功能衰竭直至死亡的传染病，病源在老鼠的尿液中。为引起人们对这一问题的注意，“保持英国清洁”推出了名为“你希望它们靠得多近？”的影院宣传片。宣传片的高潮是一幅令人震惊的画面：一个年轻妇女睡在一张满是老鼠的床上--这是对詹姆斯-赫伯特的经典恐怖故事《老鼠》中梦魇般的景象的模拟。在那个故事中，变异的老鼠开始捕食人类。

　　Remarks：冒着人人喊打的风险上街的这些老鼠显然没有继承到前辈的智慧--在《伊索寓言》中，一只乡下老鼠选择了田间粗茶淡饭的太平日子而不是城里担惊受怕的奢华生活。

　　百岁大奖

　　100-Year-Old Rewards Doctor

　　Israel Haimowitz made a deal with his doctor 15 years ago - get me to 100 and I'll buy you a European vacation On Sept 5, 2002, Haimowitz is celebrating his 100th birthday And Dr Robert Drimmer and his wife are looking forward to a trip to London next summer "I hate to take his money," Drimmer said, but Haimowitz "would be mad if I didn't go" Haimowitz, a retired furniture salesman, said it's the least he can do The native of Brooklyn, NY, is in good health, complaining only occasionally of fatigue He moved to Florida 16 years ago "To get a doctor down here that's considerate of his patients is difficult," Haimowitz said He credits his longevity and health to drinking two ounces of cognac daily, along with eating five Danish butter cookies Haimowitz, who just renewed his driver's license, said he plans to stick around awhile "When I don't feel good, I don't want to be here But when I feel as I do now, I want to live to 120," he said

　　伊斯里尔-海莫威茨与他的医生达成了一项交易--让我活到100岁，我就送你去欧洲度假。2002年9月5日，海莫威茨在庆祝他的百岁寿辰，而罗伯特-德雷默医生和他的妻子也在期待着来年夏天的伦敦之旅。“我真的不想花他的钱，”德雷默说，可是海莫威茨“会因我不去而发疯。”退休家具推销员海莫威茨说这是他所能做的最起码的事。海莫威茨是纽约布鲁克林人，他健康状况良好，只是偶尔为疲劳所苦。16年前，海莫威茨搬到了佛罗里达。他说：“在这儿找一个会悉心照料病人的医生可不容易。”海莫威茨把自己的长寿和健康归功于每天的两盎司白兰地和5块丹麦牛油曲奇。刚刚更新了驾驶执照的海莫威茨说，他打算再活上一段时间。“如果感觉不好，我就不想再逗留了。不过，在感觉如现在般良好的时候，我希望活到120岁，”他说。

　　Remarks：也许这位老先生没有意识到：“感觉良好”才是他长寿的真正秘诀--如果活得没了感觉，想“逗留”也不太容易哩。

　　生在秋天的好处

　　People Born in Autumn Live Longer

　　People born in the autumn live longer than those born in the spring and are less likely to fall chronically ill when they are older, according to an Austrian scientist Using census data for more than one million people in Austria, Denmark and Australia, scientists at the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in the northern German town of Rostock found the month of birth was related to life expectancy over the age of 50 Seasonal differences in what mothers ate during pregnancy, and infections occurring at different times of the year could both have an impact on the health of a new-born baby and could influence its life expectancy in older age "A mother giving birth in spring spends the last phase of her pregnancy in winter, when she will eat less vitamins than in summer," said Gabriele Doblhammer, one of a team of scientists who carried out the research "When she stops breast-feeding and starts giving her baby normal food, it's in the hot weeks of summer when babies are prone to infections of the digestive system" In Austria, adults born in autumn (October-December) lived about seven months longer than those born in spring (April-June), and in Denmark adults with birthdays in autumn outlived those born in spring by about four months In the southern hemisphere, the picture was similar Adults born in the Australian autumn - the European spring - lived about four months longer than those born in the Australian spring The study focused on people born at the beginning of the 20th century, using death certificates and census data Although nutrition at all times of the year has improved since then, the seasonal pattern persists, Doblhammer said

　　一位奥地利科学家认为，秋天出生的人比生在春天的人活得长，在上了年纪的时候也更不容易得慢性病。马克斯-普朗克人口研究学院位于德国北部城市罗斯托克，该学院的科学家们通过分析奥地利、丹麦和澳大利亚3国超过100万的人口普查数据得出结论，人们50岁以后的平均寿命与出生月份之间存在关联。母亲在怀孕期间所吃的东西因季节而有不同，一年里不同时间流行的传染病也不一样，两者都会对新生儿的健康发生影响，并进而影响他们到老年时的平均寿命。进行此项研究的科学家小组成员加布里埃尔-多布哈默说：“春天分娩的母亲孕期的最后阶段适逢冬季，因此她摄入的维生素要比夏季时少。她停止哺乳开始让婴儿正常进食的时候又正好赶上夏天最热的那几个星期，这时候婴儿容易发生消化系统感染。“在奥地利，秋天(10至11月)出生的成人大约要比春天(4至6月)出生的多活7个月，而在丹麦这一差异大约是4个月。南半球的情况也差不多。生于澳洲秋天--欧洲的春天--的成人寿命比春天出生的长大约4个月。研究者们使用死亡证明和人口普查数据作为参考资料，主要对象是20世纪初出生的人。多布哈默说，尽管人们在一年中各个时期的营养状况与那时相比都已经有所改善，这样的季节性差异却依然存在。

　　Remarks：换一个说法，也就是天秤座和天蝎座的人通常比金牛座和双子座的人长寿，你相信吗？

　　同病相怜

　　Love Means Sharing the Same Diseases

　　Married couples share more than their homes, cars and finances - they are also likely to have some of the same diseases, experts say If a spouse suffers from asthma, depression, peptic ulcers, high blood pressure or raised cholesterol levels, the chances are their partner will be afflicted with the same illness "Partners of people with specific diseases are at increased risk of the disease themselves - at least 70 percent increased risk for asthma, depression and peptic ulcer disease," Julia Hippisley Cox of the University of Nottingham in northern England said Cox and her team said the most likely reason for the shared diseases was environment Married couples usually eat the same foods, are exposed to the same allergens and often have similar exercise patterns, all of which contribute to ailments such as allergies, high blood pressure and raised cholesterol The scientists studied the medical history of 8,000 married couples, aged 30 to 74 "The findings could have implications for targeting screening or disease prevention measures at partners of participants with one of these diseases," Cox added

　　专家指出，已婚夫妇共同分享的不仅是房子、车子和金钱--他们还容易同时患上一些病症。如果其中一方得了哮喘、抑郁症、消化性溃疡、高血压或是胆固醇过高，那么另一方就很可能会遭受同样疾病的折磨。英格兰北部诺丁汉大学的朱丽叶-希皮斯利-科克斯说：“某些特定疾病患者的配偶罹患同样病症的机率(比别的人)要高--就哮喘、抑郁症和消化性溃疡这几种病来说，其机率要高70%。”科克斯和她的研究小组认为，“共享疾病”最可能的原因是环境。一般说来，已婚夫妇吃同样的食物、接触同样的过敏原，锻炼的模式通常也差不多，而这些都是造成过敏症、高血压�%D

法语词

数字

一un二deux三trois 四quatre五cinq六six七sept八huit九neuf十dix十一onze 十二douze十三treize十四quatorze十五quinze十六seize十七dix-sept 二十vingt 二十一vingt et un三十trente四十quarante五十cinquante六十soixante 七十soixante-dix八十quatre-vingts九十quatre-vingt-dix一百cent 一千mille 一万dix mille十万cent mille百万un million亿milliard

(注:复数百不加s;复数千不加s;复数百万加s,后跟名词时要加介词de)基数词后加后缀-aine表示:多少来个、多少个左右

星期la semaine

星期一lundi 星期二mardi 星期三mercredi 星期四jeudi 星期五vendredi星期六samedi 星期日dimanche

月份le mois

一月janvier 二月février三月mars四月owril五月mai六月juin七月juillet八月août九月septembre十月octobre十一月novembre十二月décembre

七大洲四大洋

亚洲L’Asie欧洲L’Europe非洲L’Afrique北美洲L’Amérique du Nord 南美洲L’Amérique du Sud南极洲L’Antarctique大洋洲L’Océanie

北冰洋L’océan Arctique太平洋L’océan Pacifique印度洋L’océan Indien 大西洋L’océan Atlantique

十二生肖

鼠le rat牛le boeuf虎le tigre兔le lapin龙le dragon蛇le serpent马le cheval 羊le mouton猴le singe鸡le coq狗le chien猪le cochon

星座l'horoscope 你是什么星座的Quel est ton signe

摩羯座le Capricorne(1222---119)水瓶座le Verseau(120---218) 双鱼座les Poissons(219---320)白羊座le Bélier (321---420)金牛座la Taureau(421---520)双子座les Gémeaux(521---621) 巨蟹座le Cancer(622---722)狮子座le Lion(723---822)处女座laVierge(823---922)天平座la Balance(923---1022)天蝎座le Scorpion(1023---1121) 射手座le Sagittaire(1122---1221)

标点符号

句号 le point逗号 la virgule分号 le point-virgule冒号 les deux points 叹号 le point d’exclamation问号 le point d;interrogation

省略号 les points de suspension破折号 le tiret括号 les parentheses 方括号 les crochets书名号les guillemets 星号 l’astérisque

计量单位

千克、公斤kg(kilogramme)公里、千米km(kilometre)千瓦kw(kilowatt)

千瓦/时,度kwh(kilowattheure)海拔altitude公顷hectare厘米,公分le centim ètre 米metre秒seconde分minute小时heure

时间

一刻钟quart一半demie天journée月mois年an

早上matin中午midi下午après-midi晚上soir夜晚nuit子夜minuit

今天aujourd'hui昨天hier前天avent-hier多少时间以前il y a+时间次日le lendemain 去年l’annee derniere上周la semaine derniere下个月le mois prochain

阳历solaire阴历lunaire 中秋节mi-automme

方位

东l'est南le sud西l'ouest北le nord左gauche右droite前devant后derrière 高haut低bas 向右转tournez a droite笔直走allez tout droit在旁边a cote de 在边au bord de在的上方au-dessus在下方au dessous从那边走c’est par la在尽头au bout de

国家

中国Chine韩国La Coréel俄罗斯Russie日本Japon 法国France比利时La Belgique摩纳哥Monaco瑞士La Suisse安道尔L'Andorre 西班牙Espagnol 德国Allemagne意大利Italie(邻国)苏格兰人Ecosse 葡萄牙Portuga希腊Grec 荷兰Pays-Bas / Hollande英国Grande-Bretagne 美国Aux Etats-Unis加拿大Canada 巴西Au Brésil

城市

柏林Berlin伦敦londres华沙(波兰)Varsovie斯德哥尔摩(瑞典)Stockholm 布达佩斯(匈牙利)Budapest马德里(西班牙)Madrid布拉格(捷克)Prague 伯尔尼(瑞士)Berne维也纳(奥地利)Vienne莫斯科Moscou阿姆斯特丹(荷兰)Amsterdam雅典(希腊)Athènes罗马(意大利)Rome 巴黎Paris尼斯Nice 马赛Marseille敦刻尔克Dunkerque里尔Lille瑟堡Cherbourg 鲁昂Rouen兰斯Nancy布雷斯特Brest 斯特拉斯堡Strasbourg奥尔良Orleans南特Nantes第戎Dijon里摩日Limoges里昂Lyon 格勒诺布尔Grenoble波尔多Bordeaux瓦朗斯Valence 图卢兹Toulouse 佩皮尼昂Perpignan 土伦Toulon

号码taille小号/中号/大号taille petit/moyen/grand尺码pointure

臀围tour de hanches胸围tour de poitrine帽子chapeau内衣un soutien-gorge 内裤un slip睡衣un pyjama红领巾foulard rouge围巾une écharpe领带cravate手帕mouchoir纽扣bouton手套gants腰带une ceinture 鞋垫、鞋底semelle 袜子des chaussettes 上衣veste运动衫maillot背心un giletT恤un tee-shirt茄克衫un blouson毛衣un pull 大衣un manteau衣服vetements女装vetements pour femmes西服un costume 礼服habit noir晚礼服(男)habit de soiree晚礼服(女)robe de soiree 西服costume衬衣chemise 男士衬衫une chemise女式衬衫un chemisier 裙子une jupe连衣裙une robe 旗袍robe chinoise百褶裙jupe a fronces 秋裤une paire de collants绒裤pantalon molletonne棉毛裤calecon long de coton 短运动裤un short牛仔裤un jean长裤un pantalon七分裤un corsaire 拖鞋pantoufles凉鞋sandales鞋子des chaussures平底鞋souliers plats 皮鞋chaussures de cuir高跟鞋souliers a hauts talons运动鞋souliers de sport 靴子des bottes

打扮

美beaute化妆manquillage化妆品produits de beaute眉笔crayon sourcil 眼线笔crayon khol唇彩笔crayon levres香水parfum唇膏rouge a levres 卸妆用品demaquillant剃须刀rasoir镜子miroir牙刷brosse a dent毛巾servitte 指甲刀coupe-ongles梳子peigne卫生纸papier de toilette润肤霜creme hydratante 剪刀 le ciseaux胶水 la colle liquide 理发coiffure剪发coupe修边rafaichir烫发se faire permanenter胡子barbe

涉及名词:卸妆se demaquiller卸妆油creme demaquillante梳洗faire sa toilette

珠宝和首饰

珍珠perle宝石pierres precieuses金or 钻石diamant水晶cristal玉jade玛瑙agate 镀金dore塑料le plastique 戒指bague手镯bracelet项链 collier耳环boucle d’oreille

颜色

白色blanc黑色noir(s)红色rouge(roux)蓝色bleu绿色vert灰色gris金色or紫色violet橙色orange咖啡色marron褐色bruns栗色châtains**jaune肤色、肉色chair 金**blond浅褐色的beige墨绿vert épinard玫瑰红rose樱桃色cerise天蓝色bleu ciel银白色argent深蓝色bleu fonce浅绿色vert clair

生活用品

钥匙la cle手机,移动电话 Le portable电熨斗Fer électrique 地图carte 烟灰缸le cendrier鞋油cirage鞋刷brosse a souliers 洗衣粉lessive 洗衣服faire la lessive晒干secher au soleil肥皂 le savon

学习用品

记事本Le carnet信lettre 明信片carte postale 小说roman 杂志magazine 课本manuel字典dictionnaire 铅笔crayon钢笔stylo毛笔pinceau墨水encre直尺regle plate比例尺mesure 订书机agrafeuse练习本cahier胶纸papier collant 水浒au bord de l’eau

学科discipline

数学mathematiques物理physique化学chimie生物biologie历史histoire 哲学philosophie地理geographie外语langue etrangere

天气le temps

春天au printemps夏天l'été秋天en automne冬天en d'hiver

冷froid热chaud凉快frais闷热chaud et humide暖和doux多云ciel nuageux 风vent 雷雨orage打雷il tonne雾brouillard天气干燥il fait sec凉爽frais

晴天clair晴朗ensoleillé毛毛雨pluie fine雾brouillard雪neige雨pleut

阴天le temps est couvert暴风雪une tempête de neige 大风une rafale de vent 晴转多云beau,puis nuageux冷空气courant d’air froid 涉及名词:天气预报prevision meteorologique温度计thermometre

人体

头la tête头发les cheveux额头le front脸le visage眼睛les yeux 眉毛les sourcils耳朵les oreilles鼻子le nez 嘴巴la bouche睫毛cil 面颊la joue嘴唇les lèvres牙les dents下巴le menton 皮肤peau 手掌la main大拇指pouce 中指majeur无名指annulaire小指auriculaire 手指les doigts脚趾les orteils指甲ongles 身体le corps心le coeur肺le poumon肝le foie脖子le cou肩膀l'épaule胳膊le bras背dos腹部ventre肘le coude胸la poitrine肚子le ventre 腰le dos屁股les fesses大腿la cuisse 小腿le jambe膝盖le genou脚踝la cheville脚le pied喉咙la gorge

动物

爪子La patte

动物animal

鸟le oiseau鸽子pigeon 鸭le canard猫chatte 乌鸦le corbeau狐狸le renard 长颈鹿girafe熊our大象éléphant狮子lion企鹅pingouin袋鼠kangourou犀牛rhinocéro骆驼chameau斑马zèbre大猩猩gorille狼coup 鳄鱼crocodile鲸baleine水牛buffle鹿cerf孔雀paon

植物plantes

树枝branche紫罗兰giroglee菊花chrysantheme牡丹pivoine茉莉jasmin荷花lotus 玫瑰rose郁金香tulipe 树arbre柳saule法国梧桐platane槐树sophora 可可树cacaotier葡萄树vigne

体育运动

田径 l’athlétisme 乒乓球 ping-pong曲棍球 le hockey棒球 le baseball垒球 le softball足球 le football 篮球 le basketball排球 le volleyball手球 le handball网球 le tennis 羽毛球 le badminton

游泳 la natation体操 la gymnastique赛艇 l’aviron皮划艇 le canoë-kayak

帆船 la voile击剑 l’escrime射击 le tir射箭 le tir à l’arc 自行车le cyclisme 现代五项le pentathlon moderne(equitation,escrime,tir,natation etcross-country) 铁人三项 le triathlon(natation,cyclisme et course)马术 l’équitation 举重 l’halterophilie摔跤 la lutte柔道 le judo跆拳道 le taekwondo拳击 le boxe

商店和市场

商店magazin超级市场le surpermarche咖啡厅Cafétéria电话间Téléphon 美容院salon de beaute照相馆studio de photograpie 服装商店

magasin de vetements书店librarie衣帽间Vestiaire肉店la boucherie 面包店la boulangerie食品杂货店l’epicerie糕点铺La pâtisserie

休闲文化、公共场所

银行banque 学校école托儿所la creche幼儿园jardin小学les ecole primaire 初中les ecole secondaire/collège高中lycée机场Aéroport宿舍dortoir 博物馆musée **院cinéma 体育馆gymnase 入口 Entrée出口Sortie 紧急出口Issue de Secours边境口岸Poste Frontière移民处Immigration贵宾通道Passage VIP 外交通道Passage pour diplomates 海关Douane车辆出口Sortie de voitures 接待处Réception问讯Renseignementse 候车室Salle d’Attente贵宾包厢Loge d’Honneur 贵宾室Salon VIP贵宾楼Pavillon d’Honneur 过境厅Salle de Transit 航空港Aérogare 出发(层)Départs抵达(层) Arrivées 行李Bagages 行李存放处Consigne 行李托运Enregistrement des Bagages卫生间Toilettes Messieurs

吸烟室Fumoir; Cabine Fumeurs吸烟区Zone Fumeur(s)非吸烟区Zone Non-Fumeur(s) 吸烟亭Abri Fumeurs

居住

客厅salon起居室la salle de sejour浴室la salle de bains地下室le sous-sol 地窖、酒窖la cave厨房salle de cuisine阳台balcon走廊couloir 下水道egout 租金loyer院子cour 家具meubles桌子table茶几table a the凳子tabouret椅子chaise床lit书柜bibiotheque 话筒microphone音响coffret acoustique保温瓶thermos

建筑物

一楼le rez de chaussee二楼le premier etage 三楼deuxieume etage

大楼bâtiment红绿灯signalisation十字路口carrefour人行道le trottoir 桥pont 立交桥echangeurautoroute 公路La route隧道tunnel 四道,六道高速公路Autoroute à quatre voix, six voies付费高速公路Autoroute à péage

交通运输

单程票un aller simple往返票un aller-retour票billet 自行车vélo摩托车moto 卡车Le camion 拖拉机Le tracteur 飞机la voion公交车Le bus雷诺汽车voiture Renault有轨电车le dernier tram 出租车taxi火车le train船bateau小艇barque地铁le métro高铁、动车TGV 汽车站arret de bus

描述性格caractère、外貌

(普通)好的bon,ne好相处的;热情的sympathique乐观的optimiste幽默的humour 使发笑faire rire慷慨的;大方的généreux,se可内向的renferme细心minutieux开放ouvert淘气vilain勇敢brave忠诚fidele 开朗optimiste积极actif 活泼anime聪明intelligent富裕riche纯洁pur 真挚sincer灵活habile 坏的冒失etourdimauvais,e话多的;罗嗦的bavard,e易激动的;易发怒的nerveux,se 悲观的pessimiste严肃的、认真的sérieux,se愚蠢的、傻的bête自私自利的égoïste无礼impoli厉害fort讨厌detester迟钝lent胆小peureux

(夸张)卓越的;不可思议的super令人爱慕的;非常可爱的adorable 神奇的;绝妙的merveilleux,se特别的;不同寻常的extraordinaire 可怕的;使人讨厌的horrible

爱的,迷人的charmant, e 漂亮的joli内向的renferme细心minutieux开放ouvert 淘气vilain勇敢brave忠诚fidele

开朗optimiste积极actif活泼anime聪明intelligent富裕riche纯洁pur 真挚sincer灵活habile 坏的冒失etourdimauvais,e话多的;罗嗦的bavard,e易激动的;易发怒的nerveux,se 悲观的pessimiste严肃的、认真的sérieux,se愚蠢的、傻的bête自私自利的égoïste无礼impoli厉害fort讨厌detester迟钝lent胆小peureux

(夸张)卓越的;不可思议的super令人爱慕的;非常可爱的adorable 神奇的;绝妙的merveilleux,se特别的;不同寻常的extraordinaire 可怕的;使人讨厌的horrible

家庭la famille

孩子un enfant,une enfant父母des parents爸爸un père妈妈une mère男孩un fils 女孩une fille小孩un petit-enfant独生子un fils unique独生女une fille unique 未婚夫un fiancé未婚妻une fiancée

男人un homme女人;妻子une femme丈夫un mari兄弟un frère姐妹une soeur 侄子;外甥un neveu侄女;外甥女une nièce阿姨;姑姑une tante叔叔;舅舅un oncle爷爷;外公un grand-père奶奶;外婆une grand-mère 皇后reine王子prince公主princesse国王roi

职业

学生étudiant医生le médecin;docteur(呼语)职员l’employe老师professeur 工程师ingénieur警察policier售货员vendeur,vendeuse演员un acteur, une actrice 舞蹈演员danseur邮递员facteur查票员controleur厨师cuisinier理发师coiffeur 护士un infirmier,une infirmière农民paysan工人l'ouvrier,ère

经理un P(résident)D(irecteur)G(énéral);un directeur副经理sous-directeur 画家le peintre门卫concierge裁缝couturier;couturière

会计comptable编辑un éditeur,une éditrice司机chauffeur秘书secrétaire

电工un électricien水暖工un plombien记者journaliste 建筑师L’architecte 飞行员un pilote乘务员une hôtesse de l'air,un steward列车员employé(e) de train 接线员standardiste前台服务员réceptionniste海关官员un douanier神父pretre 僧人moines律师avocat法官juge校长proviseur公务员fonctionnaire 总统president总理premier ministre部长ministre省长prefet 市长maire

法国名人

大仲马Aleexandre Du ma

蔬菜legumes

番茄tomate黄瓜le concombre大葱poireau小香葱la ciboulette胡萝卜la carotte 洋葱l'oignon小洋葱l’echalote茄子l’aubergine(f)柿子kaki白萝卜le navet 花生l’arachide红皮白萝卜le radis

土豆la pomme de terre扁豆haricots菜花le chou-fleur玉米maïs酸菜choucroute 小扁豆les lentilles绿花菜brocolis橄榄olive蘑菇champignon花椰菜le brocoli 卷心菜le chou竹笋la pousse de bambou芹菜celeri南瓜la citrouille

大白菜le chou-chiois青菜le chou-shanghai菠菜des epinards(m)西葫芦la courgette小麦le blé青豌豆le petit pois芦笋l’asperge朝鲜蓟l’artichaut 青椒le poivron牛肝菌le cepe 茴香le feunouil菊苣l’endive

水果fruits

草莓la fraise柠檬le citron猕猴桃le kiwi苹果la pomme香蕉la banana甜瓜le melon 柚子le pamplemous樱桃la cerise菠萝l'ananas甘蔗canne a sucre 荔枝litchi 西瓜le melon d’eau李子la prune枣子la jujube樱桃la cerise摈榔arec

细皮小柑桔la clémentine葡萄le raisin梨 la poire草莓 la fraise 桃子la pêche 橘子la madarine柑橘orange西瓜la pasteque甜瓜 le melon 石榴grenade 枇杷bibasse 覆盆子la framboise桑葚la mure椰子la noix de coco蓝莓la myrtille杏l’abricot 黑醋栗le cassis西番莲果le fruit de la passion杨桃la carambole

干果

饼干les biscuits核桃la noix栗子le marron杏仁l’amande(f)花生米cacahouette

调料

油huile黄油beurre醋le vinaigre酱油sauce de soja植物油huile vegetable 调味汁sauce橄榄油l’huile d’olive

盐le sel胡椒le poivre糖sucre淀粉fecule芥末moutarde藏红花le safran 葱ciboule生姜gingembre辣椒le piment大蒜l’ail(m)香草la vanille 肉桂cannelle epaisse佐料condiment

酱pate de haricots番茄酱le ketchup辣椒酱le tabasco芥末酱la moutarde 罗勒、紫苏le basilic薄荷la menthe月桂le laurier百里香le thym

蒙斯戴尔奶酪le munster勒布罗凶奶酪le reblochon卡芒贝尔le camembert

孔泰奶酪le conte托姆奶酪la tomme de Savoie酸奶yogourt牛奶lait冰淇淋glace 奶油creme

酒水饮料类

水l'eau矿泉水eau minerale苏打水soda柠檬水limonade

茶thé茉莉花茶le thé au jasmin红茶the noir浓茶the fort薄荷茶the a la menthe 豆浆lait du soja稀饭bollille du riz酸梅汤sirop de prune 椰子汁lait de coco果汁jus奶粉lait en poudre

可口可乐coca cola咖啡cafe特浓咖啡expresso热可可chocolat chauol

酒l’alcool葡萄酒vin名酒grand vin开胃酒aperitif啤酒biere香槟酒champagne 威士忌whisky白兰地cognac马提尼martini苹果酒cidre鸡尾酒cocktail

炊具、餐具

涉及动词:煮cuire冷冻congeler蒸cuire a la vapeur炒faire sauter

削皮eplucher切片couper擦碎raper注水verser搅拌melanger搅打battre煮沸bouillir煎frire擀etaler au rouleau搅动remuer文火烧、炖mijoter沸水煮pocher 烘制cuire au four烤制rotir烧烤griller

炊具ustensiles de cuisine平底锅casserole平底煎锅la poel炖锅la cocotte 锅盖le couverde

模子le moule a tarte烤箱four炉灶fourneau炉子rechaud

茶壶theiere盆bassin搅拌器mixeur冰箱refrigerateur榨汁机le presse-citron 蔬菜切条器la marololinc沙拉盆un saladier擀面杖le nouleau 天平la balance 桶seau研磨机le moulin a l’egumes打蛋器le fouet漏勺l’

ecumoire

刷子le pinceau漏斗le chinois长颈瓶la carafe托盘plateau饭盒boite a vivres 菜刀le couteau de cuisine菜板la planche盒子boite桌布serviette de table

汤盆assiette plate盆子assiette开瓶器tire-bouchon盘子une assiette餐巾serviette 餐具baguettes筷子des bagueltes刀子un couteau勺子une cuillère 叉子une fourchette 杯子rasse玻璃杯un verre碗bol牙签cure-dent

肉类食品

小羊agneau小牛veau用内脏灌制的香肠andouillette牛肉bœuf猪肉香肠boudin

鹌鹑caille鸭canard小鸭caneton小鹿chevreuil排骨côte腿肉cuisse牛背肉entrecôte肩肉epaule肉片escalope野鸡faisan通脊faux-filet背肉filet肝脏foie 牛胃tripe 肥鹅肝foie gras野禽类gibier羊腿肉gigot火腿 jambon舌 langue 小兔肉lapereau 兔肉lapin骨髓moelle肉块pave鸽肉pigeon乳鸽pigeonneau 小鸡肉pintade鸡肉poule猪肉pore小羊胸肉ris de veau腰子rognon牛前腿肉romsteck小香肠saucisse

大香肠saucissno灌肠un saucisson里脊selle 生牛肉泥steak tartare鸡胸肉supréme烧烤肉touredos牛排la entrecote 牛里脊le pilet羔羊肉l’apneau羊排la cotelette 羊后腿le gigot小牛肉le veau小牛肉薄片la escalope烤小牛肉le roti de boeuf

海鲜

鱼poisson沙丁鱼sardine虾la crevette螃蟹crabe鮟鱇鱼la lotte鲱鱼

le rouget 鳕鱼le cabillaud鲷鱼la dorade螯虾le homard海螯虾la langoustine 鲑鱼le saumon 鳎鱼la sole金枪鱼le thon鱼刺les arete海红une moule扇贝une coquille Saint-Jacques 牡蛎une huitre

中餐

早餐le petit déjeuner午餐déjeuner晚餐dîner夜宵souper菜单menu年夜饭reveillon 米饭du riz面条des nouilles粥bouillie de riz汤soupe饺子racioli 凉菜les mets froids萝卜丝minces filets de radis咸菜legumes sales 红烧肉ragout de porc炒腰花rognons de porc sautes红烧牛肉boeuf braise

茶叶蛋oeuf cuit au the麻婆豆腐fromage de soja pimente年糕gateau du nouvel an 月饼gateau de la lune豆腐fromage de soja

西餐

杂粮面包le pain aux cereals椒盐面包圈le bretzel烤面包toast麻花面包la brioche 面包片tartines de pain长棍面包la baguette 自助餐libre-service前餐entrée

甜食entremets布丁le pouding热苹果派la tarte tatin苹果派tarte aux pommes 巧克力慕思la mousse au chocolat马卡龙les macarons冰沙le sorbet 牛奶香肠boudin blanc咸肉煎蛋oeufs frits au lard牛排bifteck 鹅肝酱pate de foie gras鱼子酱caviar noire