VSS 用什么端口

VSS设计与配置

一，VSS技术介绍

VSS称为虚拟交换技术，它的功能是将多台cisco catalyst 6500交换机虚拟成单台交换机，VSS使用机箱间NSF/SSO作为两台机箱间的主要高可用性机制，当一个虚拟交换机成员发生故障时，网络中无需进行协议重收敛。一个虚拟交换机成员机箱将作为主用虚拟交换机成员，另一成员将处于控制面板的热等待状态。请注意，这两个机箱的数据面板均可用，因此总流量转发能力为1440Gbps。

当一个虚拟交换机成员发生故障时，网络中无需进行协议重收敛，接入层或核心层交换机继续转发流量，因为它们只会检测出EtherChannel捆绑中有一个链路故障，所以不需要重收敛任何协议，通过VSS传输的流量不会发生任何中断。在传统模式中，一台交换机发生故障就会导致STP、HSRP和路由协议等多个控制协议进行收敛，与之相比，交换机故障时VSS机制远要出色得多。

多机箱EtherChannel（MEC）是一种L2多路径技术。这类EtherChannel形式允许相连节点在构成VSS的两个物理Cisco Catalyst 6500系列交换机间端接EtherChannel，从而创建简单的无环路L2拓扑结构。

在VSS拓扑结构中使用MEC，能使所有链路激活，并同时在不采用生成树协议的情况下，提供高度可用的拓扑结构。

二，VSS设计

默认情况下，2个VSS机箱的引擎之间的冗余机制是NSF/SSO，NSF/SSO支持状态信息和配置同步。另外， 2个VSS机箱的引擎之间只有运行在NSF/SSO模式下，备份机箱引擎的PFC卡，SwitchFabric卡和线路卡及其DFC才能是活动状态。

若主备机箱的信息不匹配（如主备机箱引擎的IOS版本不一致），则2个VSS机箱的引擎之间的冗余机制是RPR，运行在RPR模式下，只有配置能够同步，但备用机箱引擎的PFC卡，Switch Fabric卡和线路卡及其DFC卡都是非活动状态。

在2个VSS机箱之间通过 Role Resolution Protocol (RRP) 协商每个VSS机箱的角色 (active or standby)后，会执行across the VSL switches 配置的一致性以确保正确的SL操作，如下是配置一致性需要检查的条目：

另外，在NSF/SSO模式下，IOS的版本及其补丁和PFC运行模式需要一致，PFC的模式可以通过命令更改。

三，VSS基本配置

步骤一：定义VSS domain ID&switch ID

Standalone Switch 1:

SW1# config t

SW1(config)# switch virtual domain 10

SW1(config-vs-domain)# switch 1

Standalone Switch 2:

SW2# config t

SW2(config)# switch virtual domain 10

SW2(config-vs-domain)# switch 2

步骤二： Configure Priority Settings (Optional)

高优先级交换机，成为active，低优先级的交换机成为standby。若优先级一样，则Switch ID小的为active，switch ID大的为standby。

Standalone Switch 1:

SW1(config-vs-domain)# switch 1 priority 110

SW1(config-vs-domain)# switch 2 priority 100

Standalone Switch 2:

SW2(config-vs-domain)# switch 1 priority 110

SW2(config-vs-domain)# switch 2 priority 100

步骤三： Configure the Virtual Switch Link (VSL)

VSL是一个有特殊用途的EthernetChannel链路，包含一个或多个（最多8个）物理端口。VSL作用有二：

1、其中只选择一个物理成员接口作为控制链路，承载机箱之间的系统控制信息

2、这其余的物理成员接口承载网络控制信息，当必要时也可以承载普通数据流量

Standalone Switch 1:

SW1# config t

SW1(config)# interface port-channel 1

SW1(config-if)#no shut

SW1(config-if)#switch virtual link 1

SW1(config-if)#int range Ten5/4 - 5

SW1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on

Standalone Switch 2:

SW2# config t

SW2(config)# interface port-channel 2

SW2(config-if)#no shut

SW2(config-if)#switch virtual link 2

SW2(config-if)#int range Ten5/4 – 5

SW2(config-if-range)#channel-group 2 mode on

Since VSL EtherChannel uses LMP per member link, the link-aggregation protocols, such as PAgP and LACP, are not required; each member link must be configured in unconditional EtherChannel mode using the channel-group group-number mode on command

步骤4： Executing the Conversion

执行转换进程，在特权模式下执行switch convert mode virtual命令，这样做将转换端口名称为3元素形式----“interface-type switch-number/slot/port”，然后保存配置，重启设备。重启设备的作用：

1）2个配置合并为1个配置

2）为端口重新编号----从slot/port到switch-number/slot/port

3)只有重启设备，才能通过NSF/SSO协商A/S角色

Standalone Switch 1:

SW1# convert mode virtual

This command will convert all interface names

to naming convention "interface-type switch-number/slot/port",

save the running config to startup-config and

reload the switch

Do you want to proceed [yes/no]: yes

Converting interface names

Building configuration

Standalone Switch 2:

SW2# switch convert mode virtual

This command will convert all interface names

to naming convention "interface-type switch-number/slot/port",

save the running config to startup-config and

reload the switch

Do you want to proceed [yes/no]: yes

Converting interface names

Building configuration

步骤5： Completing the Conversion

最后一步需要在Active Virtual Switch上执行“switch accept mode virtual”命令自动配置Standby Virtual Switch

VSS Active Virtual Switch :

VSS# switch accept mode virtual

Do you want to proceed [yes/no]: yes

Merging the standby VSL configuration…

Building configuration

[OK]

或者在Switch 1（Active）上重新配置Switch 2的VSL

VSS Active Virtual Switch :

vss-sw1(config)#interface port-channel 2

vss-sw1(config-if)#no shut

vss-sw1(config-if)#switch virtual link 2

vss-sw1(config)#interface ten 2/5/4

vss-sw1(config-if)#channel-group 2 mode on

vss-sw1(config)#interface ten 2/5/5

vss-sw1(config-if)#channel-group 2 mode on

到此已经把两台独立的物理6500s配置成VSS，这是给新的VSS配置一个Hostname，然后保存配置。

VSS Active Virtual Switch :

vss-sw1#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line End with CNTL/Z

vss-sw1(config)#hostname SW65VSS

SW65VSS(config)#^Z

SW65VSS#

00:13:40: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

SW65VSS#wr

Building configuration

00:16:23: %PFINIT-SP-5-CONFIG_SYNC: Sync'ing the startup configuration to the standby Router

[OK]

SW65VSS#

VSS状态检查

VSS Active Virtual Switch :

SW65VSS#sh switch virtual

Switch mode : Virtual Switch

Local switch number : 1

Local switch operational role: Virtual Switch Active

Peer switch number : 2

Peer switch operational role : Virtual Switch Standby

SW65VSS#sh switch virtual link

VSL Status : UP

VSL Uptime : 18:36:43 UTC Apr 6 2007

VSL SCP Ping : Pass

VSL ICC Ping : Pass

VSL Control Link : Te1/5/4

SW65VSS#sh switch virtual role

VSS—Multi-Chassis EtherChannel

PAgP Configuration and Monitoring

配置连接到接入交换机3560使用PAgP的Trunk类型的EtherChannel，建议对 MEC 链路运行 Trunk Desirable-Desirable 。

VSS Active Virtual Switch :

interface range GigabitEthernet1/3/1 ----Interface on VSS-SW1

description Access Switch Facing Interface

switchport

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode dynamic desirable ----Trunk mod dynamic and desirable

switchport trunk allowed vlan 8,9 ----Only allow need VLANs for a given trunk

logging event link-status ----Logging for link status

logging event trunk-status ----Logging for trunk status

logging event bundle-status ----Logging for port-channel status

channel-protocol pagp

channel-group 202 mode desirable ----Define Port-channel, PAgP mode desirable

VSS Active Virtual Switch :

interface GigabitEthernet 2/3/1 ----Interface on VSS-SW2

description Access Switch Facing Interface

switchport

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport mode dynamic desirable ----Trunk mod dynamic and desirable

switchport trunk allowed vlan 8,9 ----Only allow need VLANs for a given trunk

logging event link-status ----Logging for link status

logging event trunk-status ----Logging for trunk status

logging event bundle-status ----Logging for port-channel status

channel-protocol pagp

channel-group 202 mode desirable

interface Port-channel202 ----Automatically created by defining at interfaces

description Access Switch MEC

switchport

switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q

switchport trunk allowed vlan 8,9

logging event link-status

logging event spanning-tree status ----STP logging enabled on port-channel

LACP Configuration and Monitoring

配置连接到服务器使用LACP的Trunk类型的EtherChannel，同时使能STP portfast

VSS Active Virtual Switch :

interface range GigabitEthernet1/4/40 ，GigabitEthernet2/4/40

description Server Facing Interface

no shut

switchport

logging event link-status ----Logging for link status

logging event bundle-status ----Logging for port-channel status

channel-protocol lacp

channel-group 100 mode active ----Define Port-channel, lacp mode active

interface Port-channel100 ----Automatically created by defining at interfaces

description Access Switch MEC

switchport

spanning-tree portfast

四、VSS 双活检测设计&配置

VSS Dual-Active Supervisors

VSL 链路丢失和恢复：如果 VSL 出现故障，则备用机箱无法确定活动机箱的状态。 为了确保发生切换而不出现延迟，备用机箱假设活动机箱已发生故障，并启动切换来接管活动角色。

如果原始活动机箱仍运行正常，则两个机箱此时均处于活动状态。 此情形称为双活动情形。 双活动情形会对网络稳定性产生不利影响，因为两个机箱均会使用相同的 IP 地址、SSH 密钥和 STP 网桥 ID。 虚拟交换系统 (VSS) 必须检测双活动情形，并执行恢复操作。VSS支持增强的 PAgP、 IP 双向转发检测 (BFD)和dual-active fast-hello三种方法，以便检测双活动情形。建议：如有可能，请同时启用基于 ePAgP 和直接心跳链路的 VSLP Fast Hello 方法。

Fast-Hello Configuration and Monitoring

VSS Active Virtual Switch :

SW65VSS# switch virtual domain 10

SW65VSS(config-vs-domain)# dual-active detection fast-hello

SW65VSS(config)# int gi1/4/48

SW65VSS(config-if)# dual-active fast-hello

SW65VSS(config-if)# int gi2/4/48

SW65VSS(config-if)# dual-active fast-hello

%VSDA-SW2_SPSTBY-5-LINK_UP: Interface Gi1/5/1 is now dual-active detection capable

%VSDA-SW1_SP-5-LINK_UP: Interface Gi2/5/1 is now dual-active detection capable

SW65VSS# show switch virtual dual-active fast-hello

SW65VSS# remote command standby-rp show switch virtual dual-active fast-hello

ePAgP Configuration and Monitoring

VSS Active Virtual Switch :

SW65VSS(config)# switch virtual domain 10

SW65VSS(config-vs-domain)# dual-active detection pagp trust channel-group 205

SW65VSS# show switch virtual dual-active pagp

PAgP dual-active detection enabled: Yes

PAgP dual-active version: 11

! << Snip >>

Neighbor switch that supports enhanced PAgP:

S3560# show pagp dual-active

PAgP dual-active detection enabled: Yes

PAgP dual-active version: 11

Dual-Active Detection - Exclude Interfaces

一旦检测到双活情况，原先Active交换机将会禁用其上面的所有端口以确保不影响其余网络的正常工作，然而，对于用于管理用途的端口等，我们并不希望他们也被禁用，因为管理端口被禁用后就不能远程管理该交换机。

SW65VSS#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line End with CNTL/Z

SW65VSS(config)#)#switch virtual domain 10

SW65VSS(config-vs-domain)#dual-active exclude interface Gig 1/5/1

SW65VSS(config-vs-domain)#dual-active exclude interface Gig 2/5/1

SW65VSS(config-vs-domain)# ^Z

SW65VSS#

向往的工作

[词典] desirable work; desirable role; Yearning work

[例句]

基于这些原因这是一份很令人向往的工作。

For these reasons, this is a highly desirable role

Social practices : American social customs general characteristics can be summarized in the following words :

美国宾客善交道，平易近人含微笑；American guests good dealings with a smile and approachable;

热情好客有传统，待人接物讲礼貌；Traditional hospitality, courteous attitude;

性格浪漫喜新奇，开朗大方不单调；Hi romantic novel character, cheerful generosity is not monotone;

自由随便无拘束，彼比从不互客套；Liberal unfettered bigger than never out of each other;

坦率诚挚爱直言，不愿与人搞弯绕。Frank and sincere love respect and is unwilling to engage in bending around

在生活细节上有如下特点：In life, there are the following characteristics :

美国人性格浪漫、为人诚挚。Americans romantic character, sincere people 他们在与互不相识的人交际时，贯于实事求是、坦率直言。Communication with people they did not know each other, consistent in seeking truth from facts, speak up 即使是自我介绍时，他们也喜欢对自己的情况据实说出，愈真实愈好。Even self-introduction, they like to say the name of their situation, the more real the better 对那些谦虚、客套的表白是看不习惯的。For those humble, courteous conversation is not used to see 过份的客套对他们来说是一种无能的表现；过头的谦虚可能会被他们误认为你心怀鬼胎。Too courteous to them is an incompetent performance; Too much emphasis may be modest and they mistakenly believe that you took 仓促产在公共场所就座时，一般都让长者和妇女坐在右边；走路要让长者和妇女走在右边。Rush production table in a public place, usually sitting on the right side of the elderly and women; Walk at the right to let the elderly and women 他们以好客著称，为了表示友好，使客人感到随便，不拘束，他们一般乐于在自己家里宴请客人，而不习惯在餐馆请客。They claim to hospitality, in order to be friendly, casual visitors are not binding They generally happy dinner guests in their own homes, rather than customary in the restaurant guests 他们很健谈，喜欢边谈边用手势手划；彼此间乐于保持一定的距离，一般以50公分左右间距为好。They very talkative, and talks like a hand gesture; Keen to maintain a certain distance from each other for the general good spacing to 50 centimeters 他们行动喜欢自由自在，不受约束。They like freedom of action without restriction 惯于晚睡晚起，有拖拖拉拉的习惯。Used windows started lying, and the habit of procrastination 请美国人用餐，他们一般是不提前到达的，而是准时或迟到5至15分钟。Please American meal, they generally do not arrive early, late or on time but five to fifteen minutes

美国人昵爱白色，认为白色是纯洁的象征；偏爱**，认为是和谐的象征；喜欢蓝色和红色，认为是吉祥如意的象征。ENGLISH love white Americans that white is a symbol of purity; Amber preference that is a symbol of harmony; Like blue and red that is lucky symbol 他们喜欢白猫，认为白猫可以给人带来运气。They like the cat that cat can bring luck

美国人欣赏白头鹰。Americans appreciate the bald eagle 认为它威武强悍，人们把它敬为国鸟，并以它作为国徽的图案。It mighty tough, it is respect for people's national bird, and as the national emblem designs 其解释为：顶冠象征美国是一个主权国家；分握橄榄枝与箭的两爪象征和平与武力；嘴叨黄带，上书“合众为一”表示美利坚合众国由多州组成。Its crown as the top : The United States is a symbol of a sovereign state Liangzhao holding an olive branch and arrows symbol of the breakdown of peace and the use of force Huang mouth gripping reading : "UCO as a" expressed by a number of states comprising the United States of America 他们比较怕热，夏天乐于在空调的房间内就餐。They are more afraid of the heat, air-conditioned room in the summer of happy meals 喜欢简明而又富有生机的图案，如：梅、兰、牡丹等。Like concise and dynamic designs, such as : the United States, New Zealand, such as peonies

美国人与客人见面时，一般都以握手为礼。Americans meet with the guests, usually for a handshake ceremony 他们习惯手要握得紧，眼要正视对方，微弓身。They used a strong hand to shake, to address each other's eyes, bend my back and my Micro 认为这样才算是礼貌的举止。That is a courtesy that the moves 一般同女人握手美国人都喜欢斯文。Americans like gentle shake hands with women in general

社交礼仪:美国人在社交场合与客人握手时，还有这样一些习惯和规矩：如果两人是异性，要待女性先伸出手后，男性再伸手相握；如果是同性，通常应年长人先伸手给年轻人，地位高的伸手给地位低的，主人伸手给客人。Social etiquette : Americans shook hands with the guests at social occasions, and that there are some common rule : if two people are members of the opposite sex Female first to extend a helping hand to you after the hand shake hands with another male; If homosexual normally be asking for the young people get older, asking for the status of low-status, the owner asking for the guests 他们另外一种礼节是亲吻礼。Another is a courtesy that they kissed ceremony 这是在彼此关系很熟的情况下施的一种礼节。This is very familiar with the situation in the relations between the implementation of a courtesy

美国人和拉丁族人不一样，他们的性格更为内敛，尤其是陌生人之间，一见面的话题其实很少，只有顺利渡过开场白这一关，才会有更多的话题。Latin Americans, and people do not like their character more subdued, especially among strangers In fact, the topic rarely met, only weathered opening of the community will have more of the town 但是很多外国人不了解美国人交往的特点，要不就是觉得美国人智商有问题，要不就是被美国人误认为粗鲁无礼，结果无法进行更深入的交流。But many foreigners do not understand the characteristics of contacts between Americans, we should feel that the Americans have IQ, Americans mistakenly believe that the job is being taken as rudeness, not to conduct more in-depth exchanges 但要怎么做才合适呢？But how do appropriate

初次见面，当然是要握手寒暄。Our first meeting, of course, to shake hands and exchange greetings 这个寒暄，在英语里就叫small talk。The pleasantries, in English called small talk 寒暄的目的，就是为了打破僵局(Break the ice)，让双方增进了解，寻找共同话题。Pleasantries The aim is to break the deadlock (Break the ice) so that the two sides enhance mutual understanding, find a common topic 但是和其他地方的人一样，美国人也有友好的，不友好的，有乐意和你多聊聊的，有正烦着，不想多谈的。But, like other places, and that Americans have a friendly, unfriendly, and you are ready to chat, there is a trouble do not want to talk about 因此，学会从对方的回答中看出他/她的友好程度，才能知进知退，百战不殆。Therefore, the answer to learn from each other to see his / her friendship level, we can know the knowledge into retreating military is invincible

和美国人作生意，要注意美国的商务礼俗和美国社会的一些习俗。Americans do business and to the attention of the American Business Etiquette in American society and custom 美国人不象英国人那样总要衣冠楚楚，而是不大讲究穿戴。Americans are not always dressed like Britain, but wearing very articulate 他们穿衣以宽大舒适为原则，自己爱穿什么就穿什么。They wear comfortable with the principle of clemency, what on what to wear their own easily 别人是不会议论或讥笑的。The others are not statements or taunts 春秋季，美国人一般下身着长裤，上身在衬衣外面再穿一件毛衣或夹克，宽松舒适，无拘无束。Spring and autumn, Americans generally under wearing trousers, a shirt in the upper outside then going through a sweater or jacket, relaxed and comfortable, nothing 夏天里穿短裤和着短裙者大有人在。Summer wear shorts and mini skirts with examples 在旅游或海滨城市，男的穿游泳裤，女的着三点式游泳衣，再披上一块浴巾，就可以逛大街或下饭馆了。In terms of tourism or coastal city, the men wearing suit, a three-woman swimming suit, and then put a piece bath towel Guangdaijie on or under a restaurant 但正式场合，美国人就比较讲究礼节了。But formal occasions, the Americans are more meticulous and courtesy

接见时，要讲究服饰，注意整洁，穿着西装较好，特别是鞋要擦亮，手指甲要清洁。Meeting, dress should be paid attention to cleanliness, wearing suits better, especially to polish shoes, and fingernails to clean up 美国商人较少握手，即使是初次见面，也不一定非先握手不可，时常是点头微笑致意，礼貌地打招呼就行了。American businessman less handshake, even if this is our first meeting, is not necessarily non-first handshake, nod and smile often presents courtesy greetings on the list 男士握女士的手要斯文，不可用力。Ms men shook hands to Sven, not forced 如果女士无握手之意，男士不要主动伸手，除非女士主动。If the President means no handshake, the men not to take the initiative in asking for, unless President initiative 握手时不能用双手。Can not shake hands with their own hands 上下级之间，上级先伸手握手。Thus, between superiors first hand handshake 长幼之间，长者先伸手握手。Ages between first hand to shake hands with the elderly 主宾之间，主人先伸手。Among the principal guests, the master first hand 男性之间，最忌互相攀肩搭臂。Men between the shoulders As long climb up each other arm 美国人谈话时不喜欢双方离得太近，惯于两人的身体保持一定的距离。Americans do not like to talk from the two sides are too close, they are used to maintain a certain distance from the body 一般应保持120~150厘米之间，最少也不得小于50厘米。Between 120-150 cm should be maintained, at least not less than 50 cm

在美国，12岁以上的男子有享有;先生;的称号，但多数美国人不爱用先生、夫人、**、女士之类的称呼，认为哪样做太郑重其事了。In the United States, men over the age of 12 are entitled to; ; The title, but most Americans do not like to use, his wife, Miss Ms such terms, saying that the far too earnest 他们喜欢别人直接叫自己的名字，并视为这是亲切友好的表示。They want to directly ask their names, and said as it is cordial and friendly 美国人很少用正式的头衔来称呼别人。Americans rarely use the formal title to refer others

正式头衔一般只用于法官、军管、医生、教授、宗教界领袖等人物 。Judges generally only for the official title of military control, doctors, professors, religious leaders and other figures 尤其是行政职务。Particularly administrative positions 美国人从来不以此来称呼,如局长、经理美国海关的人员总把"请;和"谢谢;挂在嘴上，请你打开箱子、请你把护照拿出来、检查完毕时，还会说;祝你旅途愉快;或;今天天气真好;等客套话。Americans have not learned to refer, for example manager United States Customs officers always "Please; and "Thank you; They paid lip service, you open the box, you show your passport and, after inspection, will say; I wish you a pleasant journey; or; Today the glorious weather; such kind words

美国的女店员和餐馆女侍们讲出的话，使人大有宾至如归之感，即使你一文不花，她们仍是满面堆笑，临走时还笑盈盈地说谢谢你的光临，希望下次再来。American female store and the restaurant waitress and hostesses say, people feel very welcome, even if you are not one flower, They are still looking Zuixiao, they are also smiling to say thank you for coming, hoping for another

公私单位访问前，必须先订约会，最好好在即将抵达时，先通个电话告知。Public, private visit, they must first set date, the imminent arrival of the best Fortunately, this first telephone links 美国人热情好客，那把仅仅相识一分钟，你就有可能被邀请去看戏、吃饭或出外旅游。Americans are warm and hospitable, put simply displayed a minute, you may be invited 1985Mister, mister, food or travel 但一星期之后，这位朋友很可能把你忘得一干二净。But a week later, my friend is very likely that you have completely forgotten 到美国人家去登门拜访，冒然登门是失礼的，必须事先做好约定．Go to the United States to visit people ventured door is impolite, it must first do an agreement 就是给亲朋好友送礼，如果他们事先不知道的话，也不要直接敲门，最好把礼物放在他家门口，然后再通知他自己去取。Gifts to relatives and friends is that if they had not, then do not direct knock on the door, desirable gift on his door and then informed him to pick up

应邀去美国人家中作客或参加宴会，最好给主人带上一些小礼品，如化妆品、儿童玩具、本国特产或烟酒之类。Americans guest was invited to attend the banquet or, preferably owners to put some small gifts, such as cosmetics, children's toys, tobacco product or its like 对家中的摆设,主人喜欢听赞赏的语言,而不愿听到询问价格的话。The furnishings of the family, the owner likes to hear appreciation of the language rather than the words heard asking price

准时守信,相当重要。Punctual and trustworthy, very important 美国商人喜欢表现自己的"不正式、随和、与幽默感。能在经常说几句笑话的人 ，往往易为对方接受。美国商界流行早餐与午餐约会谈判。当你答应参加对方举办的宴会时，一定要准时赴宴，如果因特殊情况不能准时赴约，一定要打电话通知主人，并说明理由，或者告诉主人什么时间可以去。赴宴时，当女士步入客厅时，男士应该站起来，直到女士找到了位子你才可坐下。美国人在招待客人时，大多用焙牛肉、焙鸡肉，因为这些菜式受一般美国人欢迎，既方便又实惠。只要另配上一二种蔬菜、芋类及谷类，如果准备点饭后甜点，就算是大餐了。汉堡包是美国人日常食用的食品，按规定，汉堡包牛肉未脂肪含量不得超过30％．American businessmen like to express its "non-formal and easy-going, with a sense of humor People often say a few jokes in, often easy for the other side to accept popular breakfast and lunch talks about American business When you promised to attend a banquet held by the other side the meal must be timely, if not on time to meet this woman because of special circumstances, we must call the owner and explain the reason or what time to tell the owner the meal, when the President entered the living room, men should stand up and You can find a place to sit down until the President Americans entertain guests, mostly with baked beef, baked chicken, These dishes generally welcome the Americans because, convenience and benefit If reprovisioning on one or two kinds of vegetables, and cereals category line, If it points Fanhoutiandian, even a meal Americans are daily consumption of food hamburger, according to stipulations, hamburger beef fat content should not exceed 30%

自1979年1月与我国建交后，美国商人（尤其是大企业经营者）对中国市场颇有兴趣。Since diplomatic relations with China in January 1979 after the American businessman (particularly large operators) is quite interested in the Chinese market

在美国，一般浅洁的颜色受人喜欢，如牙**、浅绿色、浅蓝色、**、粉红色、浅黄褐色。In the United States, generally by people like simple and pure color, such as yellow teeth, light green, light blue, yellow, pink, light tan 在美国很难指出那些特别高级的色彩。High in the United States is difficult to say which particular color 很多心里学家的调查表明：一、纯色系色彩比较受欢迎；美国人的色彩爱好与购买习惯的关系，可看下面一些富于趣味的例子：The survey showed that many scientists : a heart, pure color color is quite popular Americans love with the color of the purchasing habits, can see some interesting examples below :

纽约市民喜欢白色的鸡蛋，因此在那里白色的鸡蛋常常以高价出售。The citizens of New York like the egg white, egg white, where often at a higher price 但是，波士顿市民却喜欢红褐色的鸡蛋，一般认为红褐色鸡蛋味道鲜美，白色鸡蛋味道特殊。However, the Boston public just loves to reddish-brown eggs, it is generally thought that the reddish-brown eggs taste tasty, a special flavor of the egg white 但是，烹调专家的看法是，白色鸡蛋要比红褐色鸡蛋好一些。However, the cooking expert view is that the reddish-brown eggs better than white eggs

近年来，美国人的饮酒习惯发生了变化，这同各国消费者饮酒习惯的变化是一致的。In recent years, a change in the drinking habits of Americans, with the change in consumer drinking habits is the same 即从嗜好烈性深色酒转向非烈性浅色酒。Shift from hobby potent liquor potent dark light-colored liquor 人们越来越习惯于饮用啤酒、葡萄酒和果酒。People accustomed to drinking more beer, wine and cider 据统计，世界最大的酒类消费国美国，对烈性酒的消费正在下降。According to statistics, the United States, the world's largest liquor consumption of alcohol consumption is declining 1975年英国威士忌在美国总消费量中占136%，而1985年只占11%。British whiskey in the United States in 1975 accounted for 136% of total consumption, but only 11% in 1985 近10年来，美国低度酒销售量上升了约30%，美国流行一种说法“浅色酒比深色酒有益于健康。在一些地方，人们喜欢饮淡茶，而在另外一些地方，人们喜欢喝浓茶。不管是茶叶或咖啡，必须与当地的水十分调和。另外，发红的奶油或干酪，比普通的奶油和干酪受人欢迎。又如红色的大马哈鱼在有些地方畅销，而在另外一些地方由于习俗的关系，白色的大马哈鱼畅销。Nearly 10 years, the United States has a low alcohol wine sales up about 30% The United States is a common saying "light-colored wine than dark liquor wholesome In some places, people like Dan Cha In other places, people like to drink tea whether it is tea or coffee, to be reconciled with the local water is In addition, flush butter or cheese, butter and cheese than ordinary welcome Another example is the red Chum Salmon in some places bestseller Due to the custom in other places, white Chum Salmon bestseller

绿色的龙须茶，在波士顿受到好评，而白色的龙须茶，却在芝加哥受到好评。Asparagus green tea has been well received in Boston, asparagus and white tea has been well received in Chicago 在服装颜色方面，在美国南部，女人喜欢蓝色系，而新英格兰人由于皮肤红润，所以那里的人喜欢购买适合自己皮肤颜色的衣服。In costumes, in the south of the United States, women prefer blue line, and the New England because of ruddy skin So where people like to buy clothes for the color of their skin 在得克萨斯洲，圣诞节过后买淡茶色物品的人就会增加起来。Island in Texas, after Christmas to buy the goods would rise up lightly tinted 在美国价值10美分的牙刷中，红色的约占销售量的50%，但是却没有用红色制造高级牙刷的，因为在高级牙刷中，瑚珀色取得了很大的成功，非常受人喜爱。10 cents worth of toothbrushes in the United States, the red about 50% of sales But there is no use creating high red toothbrush, because the High toothbrushes, Kohaku color achieved a great success very popular with fans 另外，带蓝把的餐刀比黑把的畅销。In addition, the knives put blue than black regard bestsellers 这是由于美国的妇女讲究厨房装饰，非常讨厌颜色单调的用具。This is because women pay attention to the kitchen decoration, hate the color monotone appliances

美国禁忌色的实例是，日本的钢笔制造厂向美国出口钢笔时，在装有银色的钢笔盒内，用紫色天鹅绒挂里儿，在美国遭到了反感。Taboo color examples of the United States, Japan's exports to the United States pen pen factory, in the pen with silver boxes lil linked with purple velvet in the United States was disgusted 在美国使用商品的商标，都要到美国联邦政府进行登记注册，不然你的商品会被别人冒名顶替。Use of the trademark in the United States of goods go to the federal government for registration Otherwise you will be the value of others impostors 销美的商品最好用公司的名称作商标，便于促销。US sales of goods for the best use of the trademark name, to facilitate marketing

美国由于犹太人甚多。As many American Jews 注意当地的犹太人节日。Attention to the Jewish holiday 圣诞节与复活节前后两周不宜往访。Not visited two weeks before Christmas and Easter 除6--8月多去度假外，其余时间宜往访。In addition to more 6--8 on vacation, the rest of the time, they are advised to visit

参考资料：

http://zhidaobaiducom/question/12559644html

在It is important that句式中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“ should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should在美国英语中通常省略。

It is important that：

英 [ɪt ɪz ɪmˈpɔːtnt ðæt]   美 [ɪt ɪz ɪmˈpɔːrtnt ðæt]  

是重要的

It’s important that he (should) remember this 

他记住这一点很有必要。

扩展资料

与It is important that相似的还有以下句型：

1、it is impossible that…句型：不可能…

It is impossible that he should go home 

他不可能会回家去。

2、it is necessary that…句型：有必要…

It is necessary that I should return it this morning 

今天早上我就有必要还回去。

3、it is advisable that…句型：最好…

It is advisable that everyone should have a map 

最好每一个人都有一张地图。

4、it is essential that…句型：务必…

It is essential that the meeting starts at eight 

会议务必在8点钟开始。

5、it is desirable that…句型：最好…

It is desirable that everything should be ready by five o’clock 

最好一切在5点前准备就绪。

switchport mode access表示该端口的工作模式是access，而所说的switchport access vlan XXX是指端口在access的工作模式下允许某个VLAN通过，这是两条不同的命令。

一般的交换设备端口默认都为access模式，如果没有修改过或者说端口本身就已经工作在access模式下的话，就不需要再重复执行一遍switchport mode access命令，只需要switchport access vlan XXX就可以了。

扩展资料：

cisco网络设备接口主要分为下面几种模式：

1、switchport mode access: 强制接口成为access接口，并且可以与对方主动进行协商，诱使对方成为access模式。

2、switchport mode dynamic desirable: 主动与对协商成为trunk接口的可能性，如果邻居接口模式为trunk/desirable/auto之一，则接口将变成trunk接口工作。如果不能形成trunk模式，则工作在access模式。这种模式是现在交换机的默认模式。

3、switchport mode dynamic auto: 只有邻居交换机主动与自己协商时才会变成trunk接口，所以它是一种被动模式，当邻居接口为trunk/desirable之一时，才会成为trunk。如果不能形成trunk模式，则工作在access模式。

4、switchport mode trunk: 强制接口成为trunk接口，并且主动诱使对方成为trunk模式，所以当邻居交换机接口为trunk/desirable/auto时会成为trunk接口。

5、switchport nonegotiate: 严格的说，这不算是种接口模式，它的作用只是阻止交换机接口发出dtp数据包，它必须与switchport mode trunk或者switchport mode access一起使用。

6、switchport mode dot1q-tunnel：  配置交换机接口为隧道接口，以便与用户交换机的trunk接口形成不对称链路。